September 1st 1961

now it's Pepsi-for those who think young

Today's lively people are on the go as never before. Our activities are varied, PPSH COLA

our ideas modern. This is the life for Pepsi-light, bracing, clean-tasting

Pepsi. In stores, at fountains, think

please!

"PEPSI-COLA" AND "PEPS ARE TRADEMARKS OF PEPSICOLA COMPANY. REG. U.S. PAT. OFF.

How long has it been since you called Mary?

Or Tom and Betty. And Bill and his wife

who've moved across town. And Grandma

Jones who has been feeling poorly. And

that Mrs. Brown you liked so well when

she lived next door.

Don't let friendships lag or the family

drift apart. Just pick up the phone and

have a friendly visit with those you like

and love. It's such a nice way to be a

thoughtful, popular person.

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM

BILL

SVITIN

How long has it been since you called Mary?

Or Tom and Betty. And Bill and his wife

who've moved across town. And Grandma

Jones who has been feeling poorly. And

that Mrs. Brown you liked so well when

she lived next door.

Don't let friendships lag or the family

drift apart. Just pick up the phone and

have a friendly visit with those you like

and love. It's such a nice way to be a

thoughtful, popular person.

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM

BILL

SVITIN

Vel. 51, No. 9 September 1, 1961.

STORY OF THE WEEK

New York's political zoo opens: the bizarre spectacle,

by Murray Kempton

NEWSFRONTS

Our

Berlin fuse burns short... Reds shoot a refugee

troubles move to U.N.... Senate surveys gambling...

Coypu menaces England... Plague comes out of China

EDITORIALS

Super-boom, yes-l

-bust, no

Foreign aid, let's mean it

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ESSAY

The mad happy surfers: California "hot doggers" enjoy

a new way of life on the wavetops

ARTICLE OF THE WEEK

The First Lady brings history and beauty to the White House.

By Hugh Sidey. Photographed for LIFE by Edward Clark

and Nina Leen

THE COLOR SPECTACLE

Holiday idyls of long ago: the nostalgic appeal of the art

of Maurice Prendergast

BETTER LIVING

The big Paris word: SHAPE-in dresses, suits, corsets.

Photographed for LIFE by Mark Shaw

DEPARTMENTS

Close-up: 'I'm looking for a market for wisdom.'

Leo Szilard, scientist

LIFE

Special Report: rousing bravo for a brave Brave-Warren

Spahn's long and hard road to immortality. By Paul O'Neil

LIFE GUIDE to Labor Day festivities, Ogden Nash records,

authentic cowboy book

Letters to the Editors

Miscellany: hare in a bears' lair

1961 TIME INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. REPRODUCTION IN WHOLE OR

PART WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED

COVER MARK SHAW

2. 3 ARTHUR RICKERBY from PIX

13, 14-JOE CLARK

23-WALT DISNEY PRODUCTIONS, CHARLES EL-

24, 23 ARTHUR F

25 ORKUR ICKERBY from PIX, THE NEW

26 through 29KEN HEYMAN from RAPHO-GUIL-

LUMETTE

30, 31-11. A.P.-ARTHUR RICKERBY from PIX-KEN

NEYMAN from RAPHO-GUILLUMETTE: cen.

JOHN LOENGARD; rt. ARTHUR RICKERBY

PIX KEN HEYMAN from RAPHO-

COLLONMAN from RAPHO-GUILLUMETTE-

32, 33- LOENGARD, NAT FEIN for the NEW

YORK HERALD TRIBUNE

34, 35-STAN WAYMAN

36-ROBERT E LACKENBACHTUNG

38 ALFRED EISENSTAEDT, KEYSTONE, WALTER

BENNETT for TIME, A.P.-R. P. BAGNALL-OAK-

LEY & H. A. HEMS

40-AP BOB HENRIQUES-OLYMPIA from PIX

41-HARRY REDL

34

54

Credits are separated from left to right by commas; top to bottom by dashes.

The

U.S. of the pictures herein originated or obtained from the Associated Pe

Press.

68

September 1, 1961

Volume 51, Number 9

LIFE is published weekly, except one issue at year end, by Time Inc., 540 N. Michigan Ave..

Chicago,

11. Illinois, Second-class postage paid at Chicago, Ill, and at additional mailing offi

82

58, 59-IL. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS courtesy AMY

LAFOLLETTE JENSEN, THE BETTMANN AR-

CHIVE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY cour

tesy AMY LAFOLLETTE JENSEN-LIBRARY OF

CONGRESS courtesy AMY FOLLETTE JENSEN

MANSION HISTORICAL

EXECUTIVE

U.S. and Canadian subscriptions $5.95 a year. This issue published in national and sepa

rate editions, Additional pages of separate editions numbered or allowed for as follows:

New England RI-R2: Southwest RI-R2; Far Western RI-R4, RI-R4 AI-A2; Special A1-A2

75

13

TION) courtesy AMY LaFOLLETTE JENSEN:

t. rt. CULVER PICTURES

MAHAN

10

23

88

64, 65-JIM

68 69 HERBERT ORTH collection MRI and MRS.

ARTHUR ALTSCHUL

70-HERBERT ORTH collection DR and MRS. MacKIN-

71-HERBERT ORTH courtesy CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF

ART-HERBERT ORTH courtesy MUSEUM OF FINE

ARTS, SPRINGFIELD

72, 73-HERBERT ORTH courtesy MUSEUM OF FINE

75 74 ARTS, BOSTON

79-JOHN LOCURLEY

86. 87--11, MARK SHAW: cen, PAUL SCHUTZER-

MARK SHAW, PAUL SCHUTZER L. MARK

88-RICHARD SRODA for the WISCONSIN STATE JOUR-

NAL

PICTURE

OF

THE WEEK

The tiny Texans put on a brave front

until they escaped to the privacy of

their dugout. Then they couldn't hold

out any longer. Knuckles and hands

went up to brush away tears of defeat

and disappointment. As the members

of the Little League team from El

Campo, Texas, they had survived 13.

tense play-off games to get into the

big championship against El Cajon,

Calif. at Williamsport, Pa. There,

last week, they had been within two

outs of being world champions when

suddenly the world crashed about

their heads. A home run in the last.

half of the last inning had turned a

2-to-1 lead into a 4-to-2 defeat. It was

no use telling the 12-year-olds that

being even second best at Williams-

port was something to be proud of.

Many a band strikes up as colorful parades, community

celebrations and spirited sports competition add zest to good living.

Spirited

ST. LOUIS

The Strategic Center

of America

Marching bands and laughing youngsters... new

buildings... elegant, timeless architecture are

part of the good life in St. Louis.

Vast resources and agricultural wealth... un-

limited water... unsurpassed transportation...

plenty of electric power and more to come from

Union Electric's expansion keep economic life

flourishing.

If your expansion plans include St. Louis, you may

want to know more about this growing area. Union

Electric's industrial development services can help

you. Write in confidence to J. W. McAfee, President.

UNION ELECTRIC

St. Louis 66, Missouri

Luxury hotels and apartments along fabulous Kingshighway are seen from the unique

Soldiers Memorial in nearby Forest Park.

The Mississippi tests the sailing skill of weekend mariners. Other nearby rivers and

lakes also beckon water-sports enthusiasts.

THAT

The hustling football Cardinals are one of the

newest additions to the year-round roster of excit-

ing sports attractions in St. Louis.

Civilized way to get the

vigorous virtues of rice in the raw

Native rice is famous for its thiamine, niacin and iron.

Often lost in polished rice, these vital nutritional values are fully

restored in Kellogg's Rice Krispies.

So crisp they go "Snap! Crackle! Pop!" when you pour on milk

or cream. In cereal talk this means

"The best to you each morning."

Kellogg's

RICE

(Oryza Sativa)

One of the world's

st nourishing grains.

Kellogg's

RICE

KRISPIES

Pop!

RICE KRISPIES

1961 by Kellogg Company. Rice Krispies is a trade mark (Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.) of Kellogg Com any for its oven-toasted rice.

COTTS

MOVEL 35-0

Eliminating crabgrass and dallis grass used to be a tedious,

back-breaking job. Now it's remarkably quick, as easy as

taking a walk. Simply fill a Scotts Spreader with clean, dry,

granular Clout®, set the dial-and go.

With the first application of Clout, crabgrass and dallis

grass turn brown and begin to die. The second application,

just one week later, delivers the knockout punch, completing

the liberation of your lawn.

"I used 2 applications of Clout to eradicate the crabgrass

but didn't think it could touch the dallis grass," writes Frank

Holder of Stuttgart, Ark. "In about 10 days I went out to dig

the dallis grass-only to find it gone, too, thanks to Clout."

20010

Scotts

Lawn Program

Clout

Controls

summer crabgrass

Blast out crabgrass-dallis grass, too!

Clout

Truly amazing is the way Clout selects out only the un-

desirable grasses for destruction. Crabgrass, dallis grass and

paspalum die-dichondra and good grass are spared.

To help your lawn fill in quickly and regain the ground

lost to crabgrass and dallis during the summer, apply protein-

building Turf Builder a day or two after the second Clout

application.

The Scotts dealer in your neighborhood has the simple

details of this two-step program. Seek him

out, follow his advice and Scotts guarantees

your results-complete satisfaction or your

money back.

IMI, COTT & SON, MARYVILLE, O

Scotts

FIRST IN LAWNS

NO MORE OF THIS!

(Manhattan takes the drip out of drying)

Spinsmooth Plus, new $5 self-ironing cotton shirt, spins dry ready to wear!

From wash to wear-that's Spinsmooth Plus" with W-A-4, Manhattan's Belfast

new complete cycle, 100% self-ironing cotton shirt. Whether you wash it

at home or send it to the laundry, tumble or spin dry it, Spinsmooth Plus

irons itself in the wash-comes out cotton-soft, wrinkle-free ready to wear

everytime. What's more, Spinsmooth Plus may be fully bleached without

discoloring... stays neat and fresh around the clock thanks to Reserve

Neatness"- keeps its fit for life because it is shrinkage stabilized.

And its wash 'n wear benefits are permanently built into the shirt

... as double-guaranteed by the quality control standards of

Manhattan and the Deering Milliken Research Corporation. With famous

Golden Needle tailoring, long-wearing collar and cuffs and in a choice

of 7 fashion-collar styles, Spinsmooth Plus is priced at just $5.00.

exclusive chemical additive provides maximum moisture absorption.

Manhattan

Take a Royal Futura Portable back to school...

(aim for better grades!)

CLEAR

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ROYAL

COLUMN BET

O 1961 ROYAL MCBEE

No fooling. The Futura can help you turn those freshman C's into sophomore B's,

B's into A's-then, watch out-you might just make the Honor Roll. The fact is,

the Royal Futura is the only portable with all the automatic features of the stand-

ard office machines. So you put more thinking into your work and less into the

mechanics of writing it. Another fact: the Futura is fast. Your fingers fly as

thoughts take form. You never forget what you want to say. Result: more work

in less time. The big, rugged Royal Futura comes in

this cool blue color, or choose gray, cocoa or a red and

blue Americana. A handsome case is included. Always

insist on a Royal-the world's most wanted portable.

ROYAL

SPECIALISTS IN BUSINESS MACHINES

M

ww

AMMA

JAM

Look here for the name

of your nearest Royal

Portable Dealer

ALABAMA

Albertville

Anniston

Almore

Almore Office & School Supply Company

Birmingham

Busch Jewelry

Kay Jewelry Stores

Pizitz

Pizitz Downtown

Westmoreland Typewriter Company

Gadsden ...Birch Andersen & Company

Huntsville

Florence

Monroe Business Equipment Company

...Busch Jewelry

C.J. Gayler Company, Inc.

Shoppers Fair

Montgomery

Eastbrook Montgomery Fair Co., Inc.

Montgomery Fair Company

Mobile

Opelika

Opelika Montgomery Fair Company, Inc.

The Jewel Box

James E. Harrison Company

ARKANSAS

El Dorade.Stuart Typewriter Co.

Acme Typewriter Exchange

Fayetteville

Hot Springs

Little Rock

Pine Bluff

McWilliams Stationery Company

Pfeifer's

W.D. Wells Office Equipment Co.

Burris Office Machines

Hayes Typewriter Co.

Russellville

Searcy

FLORIDA

Daytona Beach

Cook Office Machine Company

Ft Lauderdale

Broward Business Machines

Burdines

Masters of Ft. Lauderdale, Inc.

J. M. Taul

Parker's Book Store

Ft. Pierce

Ft Pierce Typewriter Co.

Jacksonville

Fay Jewelry Stores

Standard Sales Company of Florida, Inc.

Ft. Myers

Jacksonville... Sun Discount City

Lakeland

Lakeland Typewriter & Supply Company

Maas Brothers, Inc.

Miami

Accurate Business Machines-All Stores

Burdines

Grand Way Discount Centers

Jordan Marsh Company

Masters of Miami, Inc.

Patrick F. Crook Business Machines

Richards Store Company-All Stores

8. W. Thacker

Traeger Brothers & Associates, Inc.

Miami Beach Beach Typewriter Company

Burdines

Burdines

Skipper's

George Stuart, Inc.

Grand Way Discount Center

Pensacola

....Shoppers Fair

St. Augustine.. Pullen Typewriter Company

St. Petersburg

North Miami Beach

Ocala

Orlando

Grand Way Discount Centers

Kay Jewelry Stores

Maas Brothers, Inc.

P. K. Smith & Company

Sarasota

Maas Brothers, Inc.

Tallahassee Wyatts Business Machines

Tampa

.....Grand Way Discount Centers

Jim Fair

Maas Brothers, Inc.

Venice Stationers

West Palm Beach

Burdines

Palm Beach Typewriter Company

Venice

GEORGIA

Albany Albany Typewriter Exchange

Atlanta

Davison-Paxon

Kay Jewelry Stores-All Stores

Rich's, Inc.

1.8. White & Company

Busch Jewelry

Lee Office Supply

Kay Jewelry Stores

Office Machine Company

Wilson Typewriter Co.

Kay Jewelry Stores

Office Sales & Service

.C. & 3. Jewelry

Peacock Jewelry

Rossville Jewelry Company

2 Guys

Augusta

Columbus

Dalton

Decatur

Gainesville

Macon

Marietta

Rome

Rossville

Savannah

LOUISIANA

Alexandria Reed's Typewriter Exchange

Shreveport Spartan Discount Store

Weiser Office Machines

MISSISSIPPI

Greenwood

NORTH CAROLINA

Albemarle

Standard Office Equipment Company

G. L. Harris Company

Sears, Roebuck & Company

Biller's Jewelers, Inc.

.....Kay Jewelry Stores

Sears, Roebuck & Company

Warren Distributing Company, Inc.

Fayetteville The Typewriter Shop, Inc.

Goldsboro Worley Typewriter Exchange

Greensboro. Kay Jewelry Stores-All Stores

Hickory ......Deal Typewriter Exchange

High PointSears, Roebuck & Company

Monroe

Asheboro

Asheville

Burlington

Charlotte

Morris Office Machines, Inc.

Monroe Office Equipment Company

New Bern .....Owen G. Dunn Company

North Wilkesboro

Carolina Business Machines Company

...Land's Jewelers, Inc.

Rocky Mount. Hudson Typewriter Company

Roxboro

Electric Appliance Co.

Sanford

Raleigh

Bowen Office Equipment Company

Lee's Home & Office Supply

G. L. Harris Jewel Shoppe

Kay Jewelry Stores-All Stores

Shelby

Thomasville

Winston-Salem

OKLAHOMA

Altus

Duncan

Enid

Altus Ofice Supply

Altus Typewriter Company

Rosenfield's Jewelers

Stone's Office Machines Company

McCord's Business Machines

Midwest City. Rosenfield's Jewelers

Oklahoma City

Lawton

Rosenfield's Jewelers (all stores)

Spartan Discount Store

Drake's Jewelers

Shoshone's Jewelers

Tate McGee Typewriter Service

Tulsa Oertle's House of Name Brands

Royal Typewriter Company of Tulsa, inc.

Ponca City

Shawnee

SOUTH CAROLINA

Bennettsville

Hamilton Office Supply Company

Blake & Ford, Inc.

Harley's Office Machine Company

Sears, Roebuck & Company

Columbia King's Jewelers-All Stores

J.B. White & Company

Conway

Camden

Charleston

Jackson Office Equipment Co., Inc.

Florence...Baker Typewriter Company

Ellis Office Supply

Mullins

Orangeburg

Spartanburg

Sumter ....

Finley Office Equipment Company

Calhoun's

Knight Brothers, Inc.

Sumter Office Supply Company

TENNESSEE

Chattanooga

Clarksville

Johnson City

Kingsport

Cooper Office Equipment Company

Knoxville

Madison

Maryville

Nashville

TEXAS

Abilene.

Amarillo

Austin

Dallas

Kay Jewelry Stores

Lovemans

Peacock Elesay Jewelry

Peacock's Jewelers

Meadows Office Machines

Typewriter & Equipment Co., Inc.

General Products Corporation

Kay Jewelry Stores

Miller's, Inc.

Kay Jewelry Stores

White Office Machines

The Cain-Sloan Company

The Harvey Company

Kay Jewelry Stores

Cox Typewriter Exchange

Lester's Jewelers

Russell Stationery

Duncan Typewriter Company

Spartan Discount Store

University Co-op"

Beeville Beeville Publishing Company

Breckenridge

Peeler Printing Company

Brownwood

....Nathan's Jewelry

Bryan

Cates Typewriter Company

Corpus Christi

Lester's Jewelers (all stores)

Patterson's Inc.

.S. L. Ewing Company, Inc.

Jackson Business Machines

Dallas......

Peacock jewelry Company

Sanger-Harris (all stores)

Spartan Discount Store

Sterling Jewelry & Distributing Company

(all stores)

Titche-Goettinger Company

Fort Worth

Houston

Kerrville

Littlefield

Lubbock

Lufkin

McKinney

Midland

Odessa

San Angelo

San Antonio

McKinney Office & School Supply

West Texas Office Supply

Gerson's Jewelers

Lester's Jewelers

West Texas Office Supply

Nathan's Jewelry

Joske's of Texas

Shaw's of San Antonio

Spartan Discount Store

.Tappan's Jewelers

Sherman

Texarkana

Kruger's Jewelers (all stores)

Spartan Discount Store

Foley's Department Store

Shoppers Fair (all stores)

Fine Printing Company

Connell Typewriter Company

Hester's Office Machines

Lester's Jewelers

Lufkin Typewriter Co.

Tyler

Victoria

Waco

Wichita Falls

Yoakum

VIRGINIA

Richmond

McWilliams Stationery Company

Tyler Typewriter Exchange

Victoria Typewriter Company

Monnig Dry Goods Company

Fedway Stores

Dewitt Path & Son

Farmville Southside Business Machines

Harrisonburg. Price Business Machines

Lynchburg. Best Products Company, Inc.

Lynchburg Business Equipment

Newport News

George L. Smith

Nachman's Dept. Store, Inc

GEX

Norfolk

J. C. Penney Company, Inc.

Bam's

Best Products Company, Inc.

Thalhimer Brothers, Inc.

Roanoke

Star City Office Equipment Company

Williamsburg

Colonial Typewriters

Montgomery Ward (all stores)

ROYAL MCBEE

CORPORATION

LIFE GUIDE

Peter J. McGuire began it all. In 1882 this redheaded New

York union leader demanded a day "which shall be Labor's"

and picked the first Monday in September for a big working-

man's parade, when more than 10,000 people marched up

Fifth Avenue. Before long, workers and nonworkers alike

were enjoying the new festival and in 1894 the U.S. and Canada

both made it an official holiday. Nowadays actual labor

rallies on it are rare, Detroit being a notable exception (see

HOLIDAY

PENNSYLVANIA. Using the slogan,

"Koom un bring dei friend mit,"

Lancaster will be the scene of the

Pennsylvania Dutch Frolic through

Sept. 4. Hex signs will be painted,

herb medicine brewed, soap boiled,

water-witching demonstrated, and

huge meals served with the tradition-

al seven sweets and seven sours.

NEW JERSEY. The Miss America Pag-

cant in Atlantic City Sept. 5-9 will

have 55 contestants from all of the

states, Puerto Rico, Canada, the cities

of New York and Chicago and the

District of Columbia.

VERMONT. Rutland's 200th birthday

party Sept. 7 will see the governor of

Vermont presenting a replica of the

town's original charter to the mayor.

RHODE ISLAND. The 72nd Festival of

Flowers at Newport Sept. 3, 4 will

have 96 classes of competition from

house plants to lettuce-including

floral arrangements in such categories

as "Hail to the Chief, red, white and

blue," and "After the Storm, any

weathered wood, fresh cut and/or

dried material."

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The canoe-

ing races of the President's Cup Re-

gatta will be held on the Potomac

River Sept. 3.

The 16th annual Gadsby's Tavern

revival will be given in nearby Alex-

andria, Va. each evening through

Sept. 9. This historic tavern, frequent-

ed by George Washington, was often

visited in his day by traveling drama

groups. Sheridan's The Critic will be

staged in the cobblestoned courtyard.

WEST VIRGINIA. A fine open-air pag-

cant on how the western part of Vir-

ginia became a separate state during

the tumult of the Civil War runs

through Sept. 3 at Grandview State

Park in Beckley.

TENNESSEE. The year's biggest event,

starring the Tennessee Walking Horse

-said to be the only breed with a

"running walk" or canter so smooth

that the horseman gets as easy a ride

as he would in a rocking chair-will

be at Shelbyville through Sept. 2,

with a grand champion chosen the

last night out of the 1,114 horses en-

tered from 24 states.

10

MICHIGAN. The biggest Labor Day

rally is the huge get-together of union

men in Detroit's Cadillac Square,

with a parade and speeches by Walter

Reuther and other labor leaders. Else-

where in the state there will be a rodeo

at Sparta (Sept. 2-4) and the annual

Labor Day walkathon across the five-

mile span of the Mackinac Bridge,

which is closed to pedestrian traffic

during all the rest of the year.

ILLINOIS. At Kewanee, which calls it-

self the "hog capital of the world,"

pork chops will be barbecued over

open-pit charcoal fires, Sept. 2-4. The

festival includes a hog show, parades

(for both hogs and people) and street

dances (just for people). At Hoopes-

ton, during the 15th annual Sweet

Corn Festival Sept. 1-4, more than

100,000 ears will be served. At Nau-

voo, with the grapes ripening, a pag-

cant portraying the Wedding of the

Wine and Cheese" will be enacted

Sept. 2, 3. At Lincoln, the annual

watermelon festival occurs Sept. 2.

COLORADO. At Ouray, in the San

Juan mountains of southwest Colo-

rado, the first national open art exhi-

bition will be held Aug. 31-Sept. 3.

At Estes Park the Blue Jeans Sym-

phony Orchestra will play a final

summer concert on Sept. 3. This is a

group of high school and college stu-

dents from 30 states invited each sum-

mer to work in a variety of jobs in

the area while studying music. They

will wear blue jeans, while Conductor

Walter Charles will wear a set of spe-

cially made denim tails.

NEW MEXICO. The 249th successive

Santa Fe Fiesta on Sept. 1-4 includes

such time-honored highlights as the

burning of the 40-foot-high Zozobra

(Old Man Gloom), a triumphal re-

enactment of the 1693 reconquest of

the city by Spanish Governor Don

Diego De Vargas-and the Desfile De

Fiesta, known locally as "the Histor-

ical-Hysterical Parade," in which the

Fiesta Queen and her court appear

with De Vargas and his caballeros.

CALIFORNIA. Banning, an old stage-

coach station in the San Gorgonio

Pass, will hark back to its beginnings

Sept. 6-9 with a celebration that in-

cludes a procession of buckboards,

stagecoaches, covered wagons and

townsfolk in their version of early

western dress. The police will operate

a mobile jail to catch local citizens

who are not in appropriate costume.

At the Apple Valley Pow Wow on

Sept. 1, 2 horses will do square dances

as part of a gymkhana. A windjam-

mer race will start from San Francisco

Bay Sept. I and end at Santa Cruz.

The Antelope Valley Fair and Alfalfa

Festival in Lancaster from Aug. 31 to

Sept. 4 has a 10-event "rural Olym-

pics including hay-loading contests

and a tractor race whose winner later

competes against a horse (the tractor

won in 1960, the horse in 1959).

STATE

FAIRS

Fifteen state fairs and four major fairs

in Canada will be open at least part

All kinds of happy hi-jinks for Labor Day-

with real cowboys and authentic Ogden Nash

below). But the long weekend gives almost everybody a fine

final summer fling-with flower shows and fairs, parachute

jumping in Kansas and Pennsylvania Dutch frolicking, old

Spanish costumes at the Santa Fe Fiesta, an 18th Century

play in a tavern George Washington frequented and a blue-

jeaned s mohonic orchestra in Colorado, as well as the chance

to eat Illinois corn and Vermont cheese, or to see Tennessee

horses that walk and California horses that do square dances.

of the next 10 days, each with the

happy sort of whoop-de-do detailed

in the Aug. 11 Guide.

These are: Alaska at Palmer Sept.

1-4, California at Sacramento Aug.

30-Sept. 10, Idaho at Boise through

Sept. 2, Indiana at Indianapolis Aug.

30-Sept. 7, lowa at Des Moines

through Sept. 3, Kentucky at Louis-

ville Sept. 8-16, Maryland at Timo-

nium through Sept. 9, Michigan at

Detroit Sept. 1-10, Minnesota at St.

Paul through Sept. 4, Nebraska at

Lincoln Sept. 2-7, Oregon at Salem

Sept. 1-9, Ohio at Columbus through

Sept. 1, New York at Syracuse Sept.

1-9, South Dakota at Huron Sept.

4-9, Vermont a Rutland Sept. 3-9.

the Canadian National at Toronto

through Sept. 4, the Pacific National

at Vancouver through Sept. 4, the

Provincial Exposition at Quebec Sept.

1-10, and the Western Ontario Expo-

sition at London, Sept. 8-16.

BOOKS

THE OLD-TIME COWHAND, by 71-year-

old authority Ramon F. Adams, is the

well-illustrated and authentic word

on a subject about which a lot of

tired TV watchers wish they could see

the last unauthentic picture. At that,

the book might trigger a whole new

western syndrome, with scriptwriters

exchanging their gun-slinging Oedi-

puses for Adams "plain, ever'day

bowlegged human... fun-lovin' and

loyal, uncomplainin' and doin' his

best to live up to a tradition of which

he was mighty proud." (Macmillan)

IPPOLITA. A vigorously absorbing

historical novel about a vigorous Ital-

ian family whose schemes and brawls

take place against a vivid backdrop of

the Napoleonic era. The author, Al-

berto Denti di Pirajno, is himself a

duke, and as the holder of an an-

cient title handles his aristocratic

characters in warmly knowing de-

tail. (Doubleday)

MOVIES

THE SAND CASTLE. This modest film

follows the seaside adventures of a 9-

year-old boy, who is shooed away

from playing war games with some

older boys and consoles himself by

building a magnificent sand castle. As

long as a humorous tide of human-

ity eddies around him-a fisherman,

nuns, lovers, dowagers and bathing

beauties-the film is as easy to enjoy

as an afternoon at the beach. But it

wilts during a fantasy sequence when

the boy falls asleep and dreams he

is inside his own castle-a far too

wispy dream for such a solid young

architect.

1000

RECORDS

OGDEN NASH. Poetry seldom gets an

airing on a major label, so this whim-

sical album could start a trend. Over-

coming an intrusive musical score,

Nash's droll delivery perfectly matches

his droll wit. He pokes fun at men,

women and marriage, then purrs over

The Panther:

The panther is like a leopard,

Except it hasn't been peppered.

Should you behold a panther crouch,

Prepare to say Ouch.

Better yet, if called by a panther,

Don't anther.

But still tops is his famous take-off

on The Hunter:

The hunter crouches in his blind

'Neath camouflage of every kind,

And conjures up a quacking noise

To lend allure to his decoys.

This grown-up man, with pluck and

luck,

Is hoping to outwit a duck.

TOSSIN' AND TURNIN'. Seems there

was this kid and he saw a gal and he

fell for her big, but apparently she

said no. So all that night he tossed

and turned, mooning over her. Except

for rock 'n' roll addicts, who have

made this a smash hit, Bobby Lewis'

rundown on insomnia should start a

rush on sleeping pills. (Beltone)

TELEVISION

TWENTIETH CENTURY. In a new time

slot, TV's best documentary series

now goes on a half hour earlier. This

episode traces Woodrow Wilson's

doomed but dauntless campaign to

put over the League of Nations as a

battle that weakened, then killed him.

(CBS, Sept. 3, 6 p.m., E.D.T.)

JOURNEY TO THE DAY. Playhouse

90 rerun depicts the diverse effects

of group psychotherapy on six pa-

tients in a state mental hospital. In

Roger O. Hirson's absorbing but

talky drama-a possibility for Broad-

way this season-the patients are

Mary Astor, James Dunn and, of all

people, Mike Nichols, who looks a

little lost without Elaine. The psy-

chiatrist is Steven Hill who now on

Broadway is acting the originator

of the species, Sigmund Freud, in

A Far Country. (CBS, Sept. 5, 9:30

p.m., E.D.T.)

MARGARET BOURKE-WHITE. Teresa

Wright plays LIFE's stellar photog-

rapher in a rerun of the notable dra-

ma about her inspiring battle against

creeping illness. Eli Wallach enacts

her equally stellar colleague, Alfred

Eisenstaedt. (NBC, Sept. 5, 10 p.m..

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THE LONG AND HARD

ROAD TO IMMORTALITY

Rousing Bravo

for a

Brave Brave

by PAUL O'NEIL

bserve the timeless figure of the

as he tips

his cap, wipes the sweat of mortal

combat from his brow and stands

with the white and fateful baseball

in his hand regarding Menace at the

plate. Does he pale beneath his tan at

the vulgar tumult in the stands? Does

he tremble at the man on first or the

man on third with the awful message,

OUTS 0, upon the scoreboard? What

American would ask? The pitcher is

Davy Crockett at the Alamo. He is

the riverboat gambler going down to

New Orleans. He is Dan'l Boone in

old Kaintuck ("Reckon we won't be

troubled by no more redskins," said

Dan'l as he spat a fresh ball down

the barrel of his long rifle). He stares

contemptuously at the smile curling

Casey's lip and at the bat in Casey's

hand. He flicks one terrible glance at

the men on base. He shifts his cud.

He throws. "Steee-rike!" cries the

umpire, and the westward course of

empire flows unchecked.

A couple of weeks ago in Milwau-

kee's County Stadium a wonderfully

durable and wonderfully cunning old

left-hander named Warren Spahn lent

heartening credence to this deathless

and sentimental concept of the man

on the mound and in the process

proved again that baseball can be

more than sport; even as rocketry

can be more than science or bridge-

building more than the spanning of a

river-when it dramatizes some rare

man's ability to accomplish what

other men hold to be impossible.

Spahn beat the Chicago Cubs 2 to 1

while 40,775 excited home-town fans

howled at every pitch, and in so do-

ing won his 300th major league vic-

tory and made himself one of the

immortals of the Great American

Game. The fact that he did so at

age 40 and under enormous pressure

was astounding enough in itself. But

the warming universality of the feat

sprang from Spahn's belief, unshaken

during 15 long, hard seasons, that he

was capable of doing something a

thousand others were sure could not

be done.

The records dramatize the diffi-

culties he faced. Only 12 other men

in all baseball history had won 300

games before him, and of these but

six-Cy Young, Christy Mathewson,

Eddie Plank, Walter Johnson, Grover

Cleveland Alexander and Lefty Grove

-had played in the era of modern

baseball, after 1900. Twenty years

had passed, furthermore, since the

last of the 300-winners, Grove, turned

the trick-years during which such

great pitchers as Carl Hubbell, Dizzy

Dean and Robin Roberts had either

grown old or gone lame far short of

the mark, and years in which pulled-

in fences and the increasing reliance

on relief pitchers had made any repe-

tition of Grove's feat seem more un-

likely with every passing season.

Spahn, as if these handicaps were

not enough, spent three years in the

Army during World War II (he re-

ceived a battlefield commission for

valor in combat), did not win a major

league game until he was 25 years

old, and thus was forced to fight for

his glittering prize at a time of life

in which most pitchers have either

been sold down the river or have re-

tired from the game. But Milwaukee's

hero was more than equal to the task.

In his 15 years as a starting pitcher

with the Braves he has not only won

his 300, but has thrown two no-hitters

and won 20 or more games in 11 dif-

ferent seasons. He stands as one of

the last of the old-fashioned nine-

inning pitchers left in baseball.

A big smooth motion

and a rubber arm

He has worked his wonders, at bot-

tom, by virtue of a fantastically rub-

bery arm and one of the biggest and

smoothest motions ever seen in a ball

park. Most pitchers discuss their arms

as a scientist might discuss some rare

and fragile electronic device, and they

react to any twinge in the biceps with

that helpless horror which might be

expected in a man who has been in-

jected with cyanide. Spahn speaks of

his arm almost indifferently. It has

been damaged but once in his 15 years

and this injury, actually to his left

shoulder, occurred while he was bat-

ting. "It hurt so much that I had to

walk around with a pillow under my

arm to cushion it," he says. "I decided

it ought to be stretched so I jumped

up and grabbed a pole in the show-

er room and hung from both arms.

Something popped in my shoulder.

The next day I could throw again."

SPECIAL REPORT

A weary Warren Spahn glows after 300th victory

Most pitchers can hardly lob a ball

the day after working nine innings.

Spahn, the day after a game, loosens

up by throwing 100 feet instead of the

regulation 60 "to stretch the muscles

out." Most pitchers religiously zip

themselves into jackets between in-

nings, fearing that cold will stiffen

their arms while their teammates are

batting. Spahn likes night games be-

cause evenings are "nice and cool,"

never wears a jacket in the dugout

and rarely takes his warm-up pitches:

v "

"I hate to waste the energy."

Not only is the Spahn arm itself re-

markably proof against the unnatural

strains of pitching, but his ornate and

ponderously smooth delivery protects

it further. He tips far back when he

throws, kicks the right foot skyward,

rocks forward in one continuous, roll-

ing motion as the forward leg comes

down, and finishes with his throwing

hand almost touching the ground on

his right side. This set of contortions

was basically designed to make the

ball "look as though it's coming out

of my uniform instead of my hand"

but it also transfers the shocks of

pitching to his knees. Both of them,

as a result, are crosshatched with sur-

gical scars. The socket of his left knee

has become distorted from the inces-

sant pushing and pivoting it has had

to endure; it has been opened for the

removal of bone chips and he has had

sections of torn cartilage taken from

each leg as well.

The great arm, however, is only a

mechanical device. Few pitchers in

history have toiled as steadfastly as

Spahn to perfect their craft, few have

so profited by experience and few

have been so endowed with baseball

instinct and competitive fire. Spahn

came into baseball, like most pitch-

ers, because he had a fast ball, but he

discovered 10 years ago that this was

not enough: "The batters told me.

They began hitting it." Today he also

throws a curve (which breaks to his

right), a screwball (a wildly unnatural

pitch which breaks to his left because

the wrist is snapped over against the

motion of his arm), a slider (a fast

ball delivered with a "wiping" mo-

tion which makes it move to the right)

and varied change-ups (in essence,

fast balls which are thrown at a range

of slower speeds because they are held

far back in the palm on delivery).

'I couldn't throw

one down the pipe'

Each of these pitches is thrown with

precisely the same arm speed and with

precisely the same motion, and Spahn

has become capable of placing them

with fantastic accuracy. "The plate is

17 inches wide," he says, "but I ig-

nore the middle 12 inches. I couldn't

make myself throw down the pipe-

I pitch to the two and a half inches on

each side. Most of the time I ignore

the upper half of the strike zone and

throw only below the waist. Of course

if a batter has a profound weakness

-say, he can't hit a high inside fast

ball I'd just throw that. But a bat-

ter with a big weakness won't last in

the majors.

Warren Spahn, in middle age, is a

rawboned six-footer with a big, bold

nose, a retreating hairline, noncom-

mittal hazel eyes and a long, narrow

jaw-a man who looks, in the tradi-

tion of old-fashioned pitchers, as if

he could just as well have been an

ironworker or a cowboy or railroad

brakeman. Although he was born a

city boy in Buffalo, N.Y., he now is,

in fact, an off-season rancher; by dint

CONTINUED 13

REPORT CONTINUED

of his $65,000 or so a year he has ac-

cumulated 800 acres of cattle land in

Oklahoma. He is a quiet and intel-

ligent fellow who kicks no lockers,

makes no scenes. He almost never

throws the brushback or knock-down

pitch, a weapon few pitchers believe

they can surrender without giving the

batter a real edge. He is a thinker. As

he talks it becomes apparent too that

he is something more-a man guided

in the war of the diamond by his in-

stinct and a sort of sensual awareness

of the batter's rhythms and, through

that, of the batter's hopes.

He seems, in fact, to have some sort

of communication with the baseball

itself: "You have to feel the ball ev-

ery day. On days when it feels small

and light to you, you know you are

ready." His uncanny control seems

to be the product of complex, un-

thought reactions: "I need a target to

pitch fine. To me the target has four

parts-the plate, the batter, the catch-

er and the umpire. It isn't a target

until the batter steps in. And since

every batter has a different size and a

different stance, every target is a little

different. Every umpire changes the

target a little, too. They all have their

personal strike zones; some of them

take an inch off the bottom of it and,

since you can't argue with City Hall,

you remember."

But in a sense all this, too, is sim-

ply technique. It is Spahn's applica-

tion of this technique against hitters,

particularly during those moments of

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travail in which disaster looms and

the ball park resounds with Roman

uproar, which is the capstone of his

greatness. It is every pitcher's hope

1) to throw the ball where the batter

does not want it or expect it, and 2)

to make him hit it where he hopes it

will not go. Few succeed so consist-

ently as Spahn. "The batter can't hit

it until you throw it to him," he rea-

sons. "When you're in trouble, you

just have to take a deep breath and

put it in the right place."

A consummate artist

at reading batters

Even if he has never seen a batter

before, Spahn can read a great many

important things about him as he

comes to the plate. "If he drops the

front shoulder when he cocks the bat

he's a high-ball hitter; if he drops the

back one he's a low-ball hitter. After

he swings once you know whether he

has quick wrists. But that's elemen-

tary. When you've pitched against

a batter a hundred times or so you

know all about him, but you have

to remember that he knows all about

you, too. It becomes a cat-and-mouse

game. That's what keeps me in base-

ball-it would be drudgery if it were

not for that."

One gathers, as Spahn talks, that a

troublesome situation does not mean

quite the same thing to him as does

to most of his colleagues. "If there's

a man on first you know the batter

wants to hit to right field behind the

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48

runner. So you have an advantage in

trying to make him hit the double-

play ball. And you know the big

swingers want to pull the tall. That

helps in making them hit to center,

the pitcher's field. If the count gets

to three and two, you know the bat-

ter has to surrender his freedom of

action to you-he has to guard the

plate and go for anything that looks

good. Sure, the plate is just 17 inches.

wide but he can only hit well with

eight inches of his bat."

For all his mastery of technique

and for all his cunning, Spahn, like

lesser performers, has occasionally

to endure those periods of difficulty

when his physical equipment goes

subtly wrong. He fell into such a

slump this year in late June. It con-

tinued for some weeks, and by late

July, two games short of the magic

300 and with more games lost (10 to

12) than won, he was glumly uncer-

tain as to when his long and arduous

race would end. "There was nothing

to do but work," he says. "I knew

what was wrong. The timing of my

motion was off and I was releasing

the ball too soon. But things like that

are hard to correct." By early August,

however, he found himself again; he

beat the Giants 2 to 1 in San Francis-

co and then came confidently home

to the Milwaukee ball park and noisy

triumph.

On that satisfying occasion Spahn

blew kisses to the roaring crowd in

County Stadium at the end of the

ninth inning and jubilantly laid on

a party for his teammates after the

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Spahn's high kick and rocking motion

reduces the strain on his pitching arm

but is rough on his aging leg muscles.

LIFE

game. But he found himself sudden-

ly taken aback by his place in history.

He repeated the names of the great

old pitchers he had joined and it be-

came obvious that to Warren Spahn,

as to many another American, they

came back out of the past as nostal-

gically as the sound of a distant loco-

motive whistle on a prairie night.

"Walter Johnson," he said. "Christy

Mathewson. Now me. It seems al-

most immoral."

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CARTHAGE, MISSOURI

LIFE

Henry R. Luce

Roy E. Larsen

Andrew Heiskell

James A. Linen

Hedley Donovan

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR Albert L. Furth

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

CHAIRMAN, EXEC. COMM.

CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

PRESIDENT

EDITORIAL DIRECTOR

EDITOR

Edward K. Thompson

MANAGING EDITOR

George P. Hunt

EXECUTIVE EDITOR

Philip H. Wootton Jr.

ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITORS

Hugh Moffett, Roy Rowan, Ralph Graves

John K. Jessup CHIEF EDITORIAL WRITER

Charles Tudor ART DIRECTOR

Joseph Kastner COPY EDITOR

Marian A. MacPhail

CHIEF OF RESEARCH

Ray Mackland PICTURE EDITOR

SENIOR EDITORS

Gene Farmer, William Gray, John Jenkisson, Philip Kunhardt, Kenneth MacLeish,

Tom Prideaux, John Thorne, Sam Welles.

STAFF WRITERS

Herbert Brean, Robert Coughlan, William Miller, Paul O'Neil,

Loudon Wainwright, Robert Wallace, Keith Wheeler.

PHOTOGRAPHIC STAFF

Margaret Bourke-White, James Burke, Edward Clark, Ralph Crane, Loomis Dean,

John Dominis, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Eliot Elisofon, J. R. Eyerman, N. R. Farbman,

Andreas Feininger, Albert Fenn, Fritz Goro, Allan Grant, Yale Joel,

Robert W. Kelley, Dmitri Kessel, Nina Leen, Leonard McCombe, Francis Miller,

Ralph Morse, Carl Mydans, Michael Rougier,

Frank J. Scherschel, Joe Scherschel, Paul Schutzer, George Silk,

Howard Sochurek, Grey Villet, Hank Walker, Stan Wayman,

James Whitmore. ASSISTANT PICTURE EDITOR: Lee Eitingon.

FILM EDITORS: Margaret Sargent, Barbara Brewster, Sigrid Thomas.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

John Dille, Timothy Foote, Mary Hamman, Edward Kern, Sally Kirkland,

Jerry Korn, Mary Leatherbee, Jack Newcombe, Albert Rosenfeld, David Scherman,

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ASSISTANT EDITORS

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LETTERS TO THE EDITORS

THE ISSUE

Sirs:

The Aug. 11 issue of LIFE which

we received this week is outstanding.

We are delighted with the new LIFE

format. The magazine reflects in some

intangible way the kind of nation we

want to be.

JEROME F. KIRK

Birmingham, Mich.

SOPHIA LOREN

Sirs:

May I ask you why you wasted 14

pages of good space to portray So-

phia Loren (Aug. 11)? Was it really

so important to you to show how

Sophia kicks a friend in the behind?

It took two pages for that alone.

I enjoyed the Northwest tour,

which took you only 12 pages.

M. TEITLEBAUM

Montreal, Que., Canada

Sirs:

I heartily concur with everything

Ithat you say in the article. Having

worked with Miss Loren in 1958, I

would venture a prediction-Miss Lo-

ren will constantly grow as an actress.

KEENAN WYNN

Los Angeles, Calif.

Sirs:

A nation's reading matter, sociolo-

gists have argued, reflects a good deal

of its culture. If this is so, what might

your issue show us about the United

States? There is in it a story about an

actress, Sophia Loren, who has been

challenged on the nature of her home

life. In defense she takes comfort, ap-

parently, not only from her quasi-

husband, but also from the fact that

"I feel married." How deftly this il-

lustrates one facet of America's dis-

integration. Who else besides Miss

Loren has a right to feel himself free

from moral restrictions just because

they are awkward is a philosophical

implication which LIFE, in its cheery

approbation, comfortably ignores.

RICHARD WENZ STRATTNER

Bronxville, N.Y.

Sirs:

It is written on page 64 that Sophia

Loren "keeps busy answering fan

mail." I have written her dozens of

times. To date, no answer. My feel-

ings are hurt.

DEANE MORRISON

Saint Albans, W: Va.

NORTHWEST TOUR

Sirs:

We who live in the Northwest do

not claim any part of California. Yo-

semite, the Golden Gate Bridge and

the Sequoias, which you included in

your Northwest tour (Aug. 11), are

wonders indeed but California is a

territory unto itself.

Mas. C. E. BALL

Everett, Wash.

Sirs:

By no stretch of the imagination

can Yosemite National Park be in-

duded in the "American Northwest";

it is in central California.

In your double-truck color picture

the cliffs on the far left are those near

Yosemite Falls-several miles from

El Capitan. And, sadly enough, you

are wrong in saying these heights look

down on "unspoiled wilderness." Yo-

semite Valley from which they rise is

the most overdeveloped and urban-

ized of all the major national park

areas.

ANSEL ADAMS

San Francisco, Calif.

Much of the upper half of Cali-

fornia is like the Northwest-and

is also

gateway to Oregon and

Washington.-ED.

Sirs:

Words cannot describe the magnif-

icence of your photographs or the

beauty of the scenery. At least there

are some parts of the world that man

has not changed to his way of life.

HENRY J. WIENCKOWSKI

Milwaukee, Wis.

MAYA MYSTERY

Sirs:

Is it possible that the Maya mys-

tery (Aug. 11) has been solved by

another picture in your issue-that of

Mickey Mouse? The cartoonlike fig-

ure on the wall of the Maya tomb

MICKEY MOUSE AND MAYA DRAWING

that so many archaeologists have puz-

zled over resembles Walt Disney's fig-

ure. It is indeed a Maya Mouse.

JACK DERR

Harrisburg, Pa.

STUDENT PERFORMERS

ABROAD

Sirs:

It seems to me, in the light of our

present heightened interest in Latin

America, you missed a particularly

newsworthy item when you failed to

I mention the recent Yale Glee Club

tour of 11 Latin American countries

in your article on student performers

abroad (Aug. 11).

Haworth, N.J.

Sirs:

JOHN F. HARKNESS

I was impressed with your photo-

graphs of Scarsdale's high school dra-

ma group in The Netherlands. My

first reaction was, "How ironic!" be-

cause the last time Scarsdale made

LIFE magazine was last winter when

the Scarsdale Golf Club's racial re-

strictions came into the open with the

story of the debutante excluded be-

cause of her date's race. Happily,

Scarsdale has its young goodwill am-

bassadors.

MARGARET MURDICH

Scarsdale, N.Y.

NEWSFRONTS

Sirs:

The California attorney general's

office was quoted (Aug. 11) as saying

that no dissent was allowed in the

John Birch Society, and that it op-

poses civil rights and the "social gos-

pel" of religions. The fact is that

members of the society are instructed

in their monthly bulletins never to do

anything the society asks if contrary

to their better judgment. Far from

opposing civil rights the society draws

together all races to combat the Com-

munist conspiracy. The society does

object to the so-called social gospel,

for it stands for a return to funda-

mentalism, in religious as well as po-

litical thinking.

ROBERT P. CLARK

Cape Elizabeth, Maine

EDITORIAL

Sirs:

You ask in your Editorial (Aug.

11), "Why has the free world no high-

powered task force, no combined cold

war high command?"

The reason should be apparent,

Khrushchev can ride roughshod over

any opposition, but we must be care-

ful to consult with, and please, Eng-

land, France, Germany, Italy, China,

South American and Asian govern-

ments, to say nothing of every impor-

tant member in Congress, before we

make move.

GEORGE I. SCHREIBER

Asbury Park, N.J.

Sirs:

We can sell refrigerators and cars

and all the fruits of our efforts to the

world, but when it becomes necessary

to sell the system that created this af-

fluence, we apologize and justify. We

are being outsold by a crafty man

who has an inferior, degrading prod-

uct and makes it look like silver and

tinsel. When we stop apologizing for

our affluence and start selling the

ideas of individual freedom-at the

same time, satiating the empty stom-

ach-then we can start insuring the

ultimate downfall of Communism.

GEORGE J. WAAS

Linden, N.J.

Sirs:

Have just read your "A Mighty

Storm Is Raging." Its gist seems to

be that the Reds are trying harder

than we and are more devoted to

their cause. The race seems to be

going to the strong in zeal and the

mighty in self-confidence.

HOWARD PERKINS

Houston, Texas

LIFE GUIDE

Sirs:

What a warm, wonderful picture of

America your Guide gives us. This

LIFE Guide to activities in the Unit-

ed States is excellent and fun even

for an armchair traveler.

CHARLOTTE DE MAURIAC MILLS

Manhasset, N.Y.

Please address all correspondence con-

cerning LIFE's editorial and advertising

contents to: LIFE, Time & Life Building.

Rockefeller Center, New York 20, N.Y.

Subscription Service: Charles A. Adams,

Gen. Mgr. Mail subscription orders, cor-

respondence and instructions for change

of address to:

LIFE SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE

540 N. Michigan Avenue

Chicago 11, Illinois

Change of Address: Send old address

(exactly as imprinted on mailing label of

your copy of LIFE) and new address

(with zone number if any)-allow three

weeks for change-over.

Time Inc. also publishes TIME, FORTUNE,

SPORTS ILLUSTRATED, ARCHITECTURAL

FORUM and HOUSE & HOME. Chairman of

the Board, Andrew Heiskell; Chairman,

Executive Committee, Roy E. Larsen;

Chairman, Finance Committee, Charles

L. Stillman; President, James A. Linen;

Executive Vice President and Treasurer,

D. W. Brumbaugh; Senior Vice President,

Howard Black; Vice President and Secre-

tary, Bernard Barnes: Vice Presidents:

Edgar R. Baker, Clay Buck hout, Arnold

W. Carlson, Allen Grover, C. D. Jackson,

Arthur R. Murphy Jr., Ralph D. Paine Jr..

P.I.Prentice, Weston C. Pullen Jr.; Comp

troller and Assistant Secretary, John F.

Harvey: Assistant Treasurer, W.O. Davis

Jr.; Assistant Comptroller and Assistant

Secretary, Charles L. Gleason Jr.

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23

NO

PT.

THE VOTER'S PROBLEM IS, WHY SETTLE

FOR A HACK OR A BUNGLER FOR MAYOR

WHEN YOU CAN GET AN INCOMPETENT?

24

MY BOY, LOUIS! Republican,

hopeful Lefkowitz beams at embrace

from Governor Rockefeller (above).

Likely loser Lefkowitz is charmed

(left) at recognition by Harlem

voter. "Ah! He knows me!"

STORY

OF

THE

WEEK

New York's political zoo is open again…

BODY AND SOUL. Incumbent Mayor

Robert Wagner, seeking re-election,

finds spiritual support in a Harlem

Baptist church (above) and then

gets an earthier endorsement from

bikini-clad girl at a beach Brooklyn.

26

HOLY

Japan

...See the reluctant dragon smite his myriad enemies...

27

...But please don't ask which end is up

Among the embarrassments that beset New York City is the fact that it

must elect its mayors in politically dull years, such as 1961, when every-

one can pay full attention. This is like requiring a man to have all his

family quarrels in public and to exhibit his two-headed brother in

Macy's window. Right now the doleful city is getting it double. The

city's mild-mannered mayor, Robert Wagner, prefers to smite it out in

the style shown the preceding pages. But suddenly he has become

"Fighting Bob," the reform candidate. He and the machine Democrats'

candidate, Arthur Levitt (above), are embroiled in a primary fight so

28

REGULAR EXERCISER. Arthur

Levitt, Democratic organization

candidate, works out in a

Manhattan gym. "It is time,"

he says, "for new energy."

bizarre that it requires the services of a skilled political zoologist to

explain it. Such a service is given on the next two pages.

Levitt is about a 7-5 choice to win the September primary. When that

fight is over, the same pair will probably battle each other all over again

in the November election, Levitt as the party candidate, Wagner as an

independent. Joining the fight will be the Republican, Louis Lefkowitz

(pp. 24, 25), who now goes about enjoying the Democrats' brotherly

bloodletting and being pleased when anybody pays any attention to him.

The air as usual is filled with acrimony and scandal-particularly in

education. The present nine-man Board of Education, enmeshed in bu-

reaucracy and inefficiency, has been abolished by legislation. All the

candidates, plus the governor, have zestfully played politics with the

issue. However, the New York voter can find some glimmerings of hope

in the quadrennial mess. Now that politics has been played with educa-

tion, it appears that some reforms in the dismal school system may soon

be made. The Tammany machine, now headed by Carmine DeSapio

(p. 31), which has ruled and ruined New York with few bright interludes

since the mid-19th Century, seems to be sputtering toward its final halt.

CONTINUED

B

LITTLE BOSS. Joseph Sharkey, 67,

runs the Brooklyn Democrats.

Wagner hurt his feelings by taking

a big job from a Brooklyn boy so

Sharkey now supports Levitt.

BIG BOSS. Congressman Charles

Buckley, 71 (below), crusty ruler

of the Bronx, is the most powerful

individual in New York City.

politics, gave word for Levitt.

How to click bait a person into having a seizure

What it all boils down to is:

the mayor vs. himself

REPUBLICANS

Louis Lefkowitz, Paul Fino, John Gilhooley

'REFORM' DEMOCRATS

Paul Screvane, Robert Wagner, Abraham Beame

'REGULAR' DEMOCRATS

Joseph DiFede, Arthur Levitt, Thomas Mackell

30

MIX AND SERVE. The recipe for victory

in minority-conscious New York calls

for tickets bearing Italian, Jewish and Irish

names. Of the candidates for mayor,

council president and comptroller,

Fino, Screvane and DiFede are Italian;

Lefkowitz, Beame and Levitt are Jewish;

Gilhooley and Mackell are Irish. Wagner's

name is German, but the Irish are

mollified because he is Catholic.

Mackell touches all bases: is Irish,

sings in Yiddish and Italian.

Murray Kempton, columnist for the New York

Post, is a sharp-tongued, clear-eyed observer

of New York City politics. Here he clears up

some of the awful confusion of the campaign.

by MURRAY KEMPTON

HE fact is, Robert F. Wagner does not

ernment, if not his trade, is compellingly Wag-

ner's heritage. The father was a U.S. senator;

and the son has always wanted to go to Wash-

ington. Now, his only hope for the Senate is

to be anointed again. To retire would mean

to carry all his failures into the oblivion to

which New York condemns its defeated may-

ors. For Robert F. Wagner, the way out has

to be the way in.

So, this cruel summer Robert F. Wagner

has found himself allied with the reform Dem-

ocrats and opposed to the organization Dem-

ocrats who were the altars of his father and

the temple of his gods. His new companions

are a frustrated amalgam of persons of the

kind who fill the P.T.A.s, revivify school

boards and unsettle the instruments of local

government. Their spirit has been without

practical application in New York City, whose

type of administrative structure is passing out

of history with the decline of the African col-

ony and the role of resident commissioner.

For eight years now, a minority of New

York's natives have been uplifted by itinerant

Democratic holy men, like Adlai Stevenson,

and resident wisewomen, like Mrs. Franklin

D. Roosevelt, who have propagated the doc-

trine that the citizen has a responsibility for

his government. But the reformers, like all

colonials, have had no alternative except agi-

tation in the streets. They searched the city for

a full year to find a man who would campaign

against what they described as the neglect and

indifference of the Wagner administration. In

the end the only man they could find bold

enough to run was Robert F. Wagner.

Wagner is running with zest against Tam-

many leader Carmine DeSapio ("I have always

found him to be a good man," said Robert

F. Wagner on Feb. 9, 1959). He is also run-

ning with some trepidation against Brooklyn

Democratic Chairman Joseph Sharkey ("one

of the most enlightened and responsible po-

litical leaders our city and state have ever

known" Robert F. Wagner, May 18 last).

and against Bronx Democratic Leader Charles

A. Buckley ("the greatest Democratic states-

man of our generation"-Robert F. Wagner,

May 11 last).

It was DeSapio who summoned up Wagner

almost from smoke by electing him against

the odds in another vicious Democratic pri-

mary in 1953. But neither man can fairly cry

treason now, because their debt to each other

is equal; in the process of elevating Wagner,

DeSapio also elevated himself to the status of

one of the great mythological specimens of

Democratic politics.

His career as a political mechanic has since

been no more successful than Wagner's as

mayor, although it has demonstrated a certain

superiority of elegance. DeSapio, the leader

of Manhattan's Tammany Hall, has moved

down the road to disaster wearing dark glasses

(a pictorial handicap made necessary by a

childhood optical ailment), a regal bearing

(which his enemies assert is fortified by cor

sets) and an addiction to bumping his way

through ornate utterances.

DeSapio reached his apogee in a suspen-

sion of the law of probability when he man-

aged to elect Averell Harriman governor of

New York in 1954. But it took a Republican,

Nelson Rockefeller in his victorious campaign

against Harriman in 1958, to discover what

has since become the first law of New York

politics: It matters not what you say, so long

as you say it against Carmine DeSapio.

Wagner is slow, but time teaches him ac-

cepted formulas. For him to run against De-

Sapio may be inconsistent with his history but

it is necessary to the existing reality. What

affronts the reason is that Wagner should be

caught running against Charles A. Buckley of

the Bronx. With the passing of Generalissimo

Trujillo, Buckley may now claim proprietor-

ship of the most closely ordered political prin-

cipality in the Western world.

Wagner is not so unreasonable a man as to

have planned to run against Buckley. He began

with reason to hope that the ritual sacrifice of

DeSapio would be enough to satisfy the re-

formers. But DeSapio disinterred and played

for Buckley a television interview with a reform

leader who had incautiously proclaimed that,

once DeSapio was devoured, Buckley would

be next. It was evidence enough to make Buck-

ley declare against the mayor.

With Buckley in the lead, the chiefs of the

Democratic party in all five boroughs chose

State Comptroller Arthur Levitt, a gray figure,

to run against the mayor in the Democratic

primary. At that point Wagner seemed marked

for doom on the theory that no man could

beat the organization in the primary. But that

theory had never been tested in a situation

where the organization is captained by Car-

mine DeSapio and challenged by an opponent

shrewd enough to hang his own record around

the necks of his opposition. In this circum-

stance, discretion would seem to have dictated

self-effacement by DeSapio; instead he has

joined so clamorously in the debate as to

make it seem that he is running for re-election.

When the New York Times reminded its

readers that DeSapio was not the man least

responsible for Robert Wagner's ascension,

DeSapio solemnly replied, "The employment

of semantics in order to create a gratuitous

dichotomy ill becomes the New York Times."

He has continued to embroider such elegancies

in the midst of reports that Puerto Ricans in

public housing projects were dropping their

garbage on the heads of his canvassers.

No matter who wins the Democratic pri-

mary, both sides promise to continue their

bloodletting after it is over. Wagner, in the

event of defeat there, says he still will run in

the general election in November. Altogether

it has seemed a dazzling opportunity for the

Republicans, who have not elected a mayor of

New York on their own since 1862. But the

only Republican to whom this opportunity

appears especially attractive is Governor Rock-

efeller. An election day which saw Rockefeller's

friend James Mitchell win the governorship

in neighboring New Jersey and a Republican

also win in New York City would certainly.

suggest dramatic consequences for Rockefel-

ler's presidential aspirations in 1964.

New York City, diamond though it might

be in their governor's crown, holds small glitter

for the state's professional Republicans. Since

the city seems to them unmanageable, they

have been content to leave its mismanagement

in the hands of the Democrats.

But the organization Republicans are pris-

oners of their governor and must watch

while he endangers them with the possible

embarrassment of victory. Last spring Rocke-

feller, in his imperialist zeal, tried to persuade

U.S. Senator Jacob Javits to run for mayor on

the Republican line. Javits, in the view of prac-

ticed observers, could hardly have escaped win-

ning; but he avoided this menace by discover-

ing a compelling interest in foreign policy

which could best be served from Washington.

Rockefeller was forced to settle for State At-

torney General Louis Lefkowitz, a willing man

who has poked about New York's slums with

an earnest expression of indignation.

By November, if Levitt wins the Democratic

primary and Wagner struggles on unrecon-

ciled, New York could have as many as six

candidates for mayor and not one visible hope

for arresting the city's decay. So, the faces on

the streets of New York are still those which

impelled a little girl, who came once to save

it with Billy Graham, to say that the people

of the city look as though they had played a

game and lost. Within this sea of misery, it

does not seem a major issue which of these

men will play the game and win.

'SIN' SYMBOL. This boat was

built by vocational students

for School Superintendent

John Theobald. He paid for

the materials and the deal

was legal. But his judgment

was bad and poor Theobald's

craft now represents

to many New Yorkers all that is

wrong with their schools.

"I'm thinking of calling it

My Sin," he says ruefully.

CONTINUED

ANTI-TAMMANY. In

Greenwich Village, Reform

Democrat James Lanigan

campaigns against

Carmine DeSapio for district

leader. Once suicidal,

the venture may now succeed.

INSIDE TAMMANY, Rare

picture shows Boss Tiger

DeSapio (standing) in his

lair. At right foreground

is Hulan Jack, former

Manhattan Borough President,

deposed for taking illegal gift.

Brooms are brandished

but who'll push 'em?

CLEAN

UP

NEW YORK

EFKOWITZ-FIND-

LEFKOWITZ-FINO-NA

GILHOOLEY

THE YOUNG HOPEFUL. John Gilhooley.

the Republican candidate for comptroller, has a wishful

slogan but his chances of success are almost nil.

32

THE SCARRED VETERAN. Paul Screvane,

running for City Council president with Wagner, made

his mark as an able sanitation commissioner.

MEN FOR THE JOB. If anyone ever does clean up

New York, it will be these stalwarts-new "whitewings'

LIFE on the

Newsfronts

of the World

0-16:8

Toward Berlin showdown

Through a week of Communist probings in Berlin, U.S.

determination to resist but not provoke was reflected in

the face of Colonel Glover Johns Jr. (opposite page) and

in the convoy (above) he commanded as it moved to re-

inforce Berlin. Events there moved closer to a showdown.

The East Germans closed all but one of the city's crossings

Berlin fuse burns short...

Reds shoot a refugee...

Our troubles move to U.N....

Senate surveys gambling ...

Coypu menaces England...

Plague comes out of China

to Allied troops, tried to get control of a 110-yard strip

of West Berlin by warning all persons to stay that far

from the border. Reacting so rapidly they did not even

consult their governments, Allied commanders dispatched

troops and tanks to defend the strip. The U.S. reiterated

its stand that Communist intrusion on Allied access rights

would be an "aggressive act." A high-level East-West

meeting on Berlin seemed inevitable, but each tense day

brought the possibility of bloodshed at the barricades.

Y

34

BORDER VIGIL AND DEATH.

Taut West Berliners crowd close

to a U.S. tank and its battle-

ready crewmen guarding the sec-

tor border (above). In the East,

transport police (opposite page)

haul body of young East Ber-

liner from the river Spree. First

casualty of the two-week crisis,

he tried to swim to freedom and

was machine-gunned by East

German guards from a bridge.

Newsfronts

CONTINUED

STANDING UP FOR THE WEST: DEAN RUSK, LORD HOME, COUVE DE MURVILLE AND ADLAI STEVENSON

Our troubles move to the U.N.:

an inside report on the stakes

The apex of U.S. foreign policy is

shifting from Washington to New

York's East River. There, at the

U.N.'s 16th General Assembly, all the

world's major crises and most of its

minor ones will be aired in a dramatic

East-West confrontation. LIFE Wash-

ington Correspondent John Mulliken

reports on US. plans, problems and

prospects

Washington planners are marshaling

their wits for a September diplomatic

offensive in the U.N. President Ken-

nedy may take part personally with a

sweeping new appeal for general dis

armament. But in the changed power

politics of the U.N., the U.S. is al-

ready plotting secondary lines of de-

fense on massive questions like Berlin

and Red China. The solid 66-0 U.N.

rebuke to France in last week's vote

on Bizerte confirms what France's De

Gaulle has been saying for months:

the U.N. is not the same now that

there are 99 nations in it. On a one-

vote-per-country basis the West no

longer can summon a majority every

time it needs one. Torn between its

friendship for France and nervous-

ness about Arab and African feelings,

the US. abstained on the Tunisian

Signs

of the

FUTURE

MUNCHING MENACE

In England, long after East Anglian

farmers have put down their guns for

the night, they lie awake listening to

the sounds of a relentless invasion

rolling up from the fens and marsh-

lands. "It's horrible," said a Suffolk

man. "The bellowing is like a cow in

pain. A dismayed farmer warned.

They're coming up on the highlands

now. They'll be masters of the land

in three years.

The invader is a web-footed, whisk-

ery swamp beaver called coypu. It

has a greedy appetite for everything

from tree trunks to beet roots and an

incredible facility for propagation.

The trouble can be tracked back to

a stormy night in 1937 when eight

of the little animals escaped from

their pens in the coypu farm of P.E.T.

vote. Now the State Department has

to seck support from the neutralists

on grave issues which involve not only

Western cold war positions but the

survival of the UN itself.

The US will focus on two big

objectives: disarmament and self-

determination for all nations. The

U.S. hopes somehow to take the ini-

tiative on disarmament. Nuclear test

ban negotiator Arthur Dean and the

U.S. delegation will go to mat with

the Russians on inspection. If the

Russians duck this issue in the U.N.

our reasoning goes, we will at least

have put an end to their two-year

exploitation of "disarmament" as a

propaganda weapon.

The most immediately menacing

issue of all, Berlin, is not even on the

agenda yet. But it is bound to domi-

nate the speechmaking. U.S. planners

are preparing to back their legal ar-

guments on Berlin which bore or

confuse most of the non-European

world with an emotional case for

"self-determination for all peoples,

including Germans. Probably Khru-

shchev does not want the U.N. to get

control of Berlin as an issue; he took

that chance last year on the Congo

THE UNWANTED COYPU

Carill-Worsley in Norfolk. In 24

years, munching and multiplying

across the land, the eight have be-

come more than a half million. They

have laid waste some 40.000 acres,

and farmers have vainly tried to de

fend themselves by catching the ani-

mals in rows of traps. One farmer

had 460 kills to his credit over a re-

cent 10-wock period. "But we've only

killed a flea-bite's worth," said a coy-

pu hunter. There are just too many.

The coypu pelt at least used to be

worth something. It was once popu-

lar for expensive ladies coats and

and got licked. However, a Big Four

Foreign Ministers' meeting in New

York, parallel to the U.N. session, is

a strong possibility. The US and

Britain want it. The French are skep-

tical that there is yet anything to ne-

gotiate. But the West's go-slow, act-

tough attitude has been thrown out

of kilter by the Reds toughness over

Berlin, and last week even West Ger-

man political parties conceded that

negotiations had better start before

their September elections.

Then there is the perennial-and

equally serious issue of Red China's

admission to the UN. It appears

that policy planners in Washington

are pessimistic about the chances of

getting another moratorium-that is

avoiding debate on the issue. Instead,

the best that State Secretary Rusk and

U.N. Ambassador Stevenson now

hope for is to delay a final vote by

tying up the whole Red China issue

in committee study. The wisdom of

this tactic is questionable. At the very

feast it will open up the subject to full

and bitter debate. Should we then

lose the case, the US must face the

fact that this might conceivably re-

move Nationalist China from the

body and possibly wreck it altogether.

We have to hold on the big issues

and win the small ones." one plan-

ner said. "If we start losing the small

ones, then we are really in trouble."

was used to line RAF jackets during

the war. But that market has all but

disappeared. Some London restau-

rants serve coypu meat in a casserole

delicately camouflaged as "Argentine

hare." The farmers believe it will take

more than shot, stole and stew to

save their lands. A 20th-Century Pied

Piper to lead the animals into the

North Sea would do the trick.

SUMMER'S CHOICE

The summer season, often a time for

unusual business enterprise, has this

year turned up an assortment of ultra-

modern conveniences:

► Fresh-frozen martinis on a stick

that can be licked like popsicles. Made

by the Cherry-Burrell Corp. of Cedar

Rapids, lowa, expressly for the sci-

entific satisfaction of the Cherry-

Burrell Corp.

►Burglar-alarm cannons of French

manufacture that attach to window

U.A.W. contract

with the compact

Detroit's auto workers are engaged

in the triennial cockfight of contract

negotiations. For once the first round

has not been fought in the Big Three

bargaining pit but with little Ameri

can Motors.

American offered hourly workers

an unprecedented profit-sharing plan.

To reconcile the offer with union

cost-of-living and annual-improve

ment clauses Walter Reuther person-

ally took over negotiations. If he

could sign a contract fast with Ameri

can, he could flash it in big-deal nego-

tiations this work with GM, Ford

and Chrysler. The Big Three had no

intention of offering a profit-sharing

plan, but they would be loath to have

American praised by Reuther as the

one "generous, progressive" compe-

ny and let themselves take the rap for

an economy-crippling strike.

While the rest of the industry

stalled, American and the U.A.W.

reached an agreement, complete with

profit sharing and most of the old

contract's benefits as well. It left the

U.A.W. and Big Three still arguing.

but this sounded more ceremonial

than real. There were details to

work out. There might even be a short

strike. But neither management nor

labor acted as if it intended to spoil

the rosy prospects for 1962.

Jimmy Hoffa shares a problem with

East Germany's Walter Ulbricht-

many want to flee his workers para-

dise. Last week fed up St. Louis Yel-

low Cab drivers voted to join an in-

dependent union. This is the 7th

splinter group to defect in 6 weeks

and brings to almost 10.000 the

number of Teamsters who have se-

ceded since boss Hoffa tightened his

stranglehold on the union at last

July's national convention.

Unlike Ulbricht, Jimmy lacks a

Big Brother to shut off the escape

hatch. In fact A.F.L.-C.I.O. President

George Meany has offered open sup-

port to rebel factions that want to

return to his fold. Holla, who has

frames fire warning blanks loudly

when windows are tampered with

The weapon can be armed with live

ammunition

► Cowash, automatic cow-washing

machine, cleans from head to hoof

and provides invigorating high-speed

brush massage as quick as a moo-

4½ seconds.

► Antinuclear-blast underwear, re-

cently tested at Utah's Dugway prov-

ing grounds. Fabric contents of long

johns and comments of Gls who wore

them are still classified.

► Beer-can launcher that sends empty

cans spiraling a hundred or more feet

in the air for wing and trap shooting

practice.

► Quick-frozen full meals at the gas

station: soup (25e), pot roast with

potatoes and corn ($1.10) and peach

pie (25e). Now trying the idea in

Ohio, the Stouffer Restaurant Corp.

will spread the innovation all over

the U.S. if demand warrants.

outmaneuvered everyone else's at-

tempts to unseat him, was worried

enough to fly to the Midwest and

take personal command of the fight.

to hold his Teamsters in line.

Senators survey

low-belly

strippers

The Senate subcommittee on investi-

gations scheduled its hearings on U.S.

gambling to speed passage of a bill

prohibiting the interstate transmis-

sion of race track information. By

the time the hearings were ready to go.

on stage, the bill had passed the Sen-

ate. But the facts dug up by Senate

investigators were pretty impressive.

Some were frightful, some were de-

lightful and the senators got a full

postgraduate course in the language.

of nonpolitical poker and other back-

room games. Some definitions:

►"Bust-out man": an operator who

switches the crooked dice ("bevels,"

"flats" or "bricks") in and out of a

crap game.

"Come-back money": the money.

spent by bookies at trackside to alter

the odds on horses.

"Tip book' a punchboard made

to look like a book of matches.

"Low-belly strippers": doctored

playing cards.

Senators learned that bookies em-

ploy full-time athletic scouts who

provide point-spread estimates during

the week before important football

and basketball games. They learned

that "loads" can be hidden even in

transparent dice by adding metal.

shavings to the paint in the spots,

that sharpers can gain a "viggerish"

(edge or profit) by shaving mere

30 thousandths of an inch from a

die's side, and that gambling part-

ners can exchange informative shocks

of electricity through tiny transistor-

ized radio prompters strapped to their

arms and legs.

Most of these cheating aids, the tes-

timony brought out, can be bought

openly from manufacturers' catalogs

-$10 a quart for invisible card-mark-

ing ink, $160 a pair for rose-tinted

contact lenses to see the ink, $85 for

a dozen trick decks, $75 for an under-

sleeve card holder which flips aces

into the trained palm. There is a new

phone service called WATS which is

wildly popular with bookies because

for a flat fee it lets customers make

unlimited long-distance calls to speci-

fied areas without any record kept.

A gambling detective reported that

one out of 20 crap games is crooked

and one out of 10 poker games. "It

appears to me," said Senator Samuel

Ervin of North Carolina, "that gam-

bling being a game of chance no long-

er holds true."

The gambling problem is not fun

and games either. It is almost always

the opening wedge for police depart-

ment corruption, and the laws that

exist just don't work. The recent one

requiring professional gamblers to

buy $50 stamps is unenforceable: in

New York City only two out of 2,600

known gamblers have bought them.

The 10% tax on gambling proceeds

is equally unenforced; only $7 million

is collected each year out of an esti-

mated $5 billion that should be. As a

result the senators are trying to draft

more workable bills including a fed-

eral wiretap law to get at the big

transcontinental bookies.

Hopeful try at a

problem of plenty

After a decade of mounting surpluses

and falling farm income, there is some

evidence of a temporary turn-around.

In the case of corn the emergency

controls voted by Congress last spring

(and re-enacted in the new farm bill)

seem to have worked. With acreage

down 20% and support prices up 14c

a bushel, the 1961 crop has been cut

back 500-700 million bushels below.

1960's despite better than average

growing conditions.

Last week the nation's 900,000

wheat farmers voted to ratify another

stiff set of federal controls: a 10%

cutback in next year's wheat acreage,

coupled with a 21é-a-bushel increase

(to an even $2) in the guaranteed

support price. Farmers who volun-

SEA OF DIAMONDS

Hunting diamonds at the bottom of

the sea would seem to hold as much

promise as searching for Moby-Dick

in a teacup, but two American pipe-

line specialists are looking. Sam

Collins and Emerson Kailey of the

Marine Diamond Corp. will gamble

about $5 million on an attempt to

vacuum up diamonds they believe

may have washed down South Afri-

can rivers to accumulate in seabeds

or are in natural deposits. The search,

approved by the South African gov-

ernment, will be made at depths down

to 100 feet. Heavy airjets will be used

to loosen undersea topsoil and force

it up pipes to waiting barges. There

the processing and final prospect-

ing-will be done. South African ge-

ologists are divided in their opinions

of whether Collins and Kailey are

chasing an expensive pipedream or the

biggest, deepest diamond mine of all.

YOUNG RUSK'S

HAPPY STATE

The week's news kept

Secretary of State Dean

Rusk busy, but there

was time for a happy ca-

ble of congratulations to

Buenos Aires, where his

20-year-old son David

Patrick had just married

Delcia Bence, the daugh-

ter of a wealthy Argen-

tine doctor. The couple.

(right), who met when

Delcia was an exchange

student at Scarsdale

(N.Y.) High School, will

return to the Universi-

ty of California this fall..

tarily reduce their acreage an addi-

tional 30% will receive a 60% sub-

sidy for the ungrown portion of their

crop.

How much all this will cost is a big

question. At first it is likely to cost

more, although Agriculture Secretary

Freeman claims that in the end it

should cost less than the enormous

harvests of the 1950s which Ezra Ben-

son's low-support policy produced.

Because of widespread drought, the

wheat crop was already down this

year before the farmers voted, and

Freeman hopes the new controls will

cut next year's crop 100 million bush-

els under normal demand. This would

allow him to begin eating into the

$5.6 billion grains surplus which now

costs the taxpayer $1.3 million a day.

to keep in storage. Freeman hopes to

get that figure down to $300,000 a

day by 1963.

Far-right

revivalists

A new kind of "revival meeting"

serving the nonreligious ends of an

outfit called the "Christian Anti-

Communism Crusade" is being held

with full hullabaloo and political por-

tent in Los Angeles this week. Like

nine other "crusades" in U.S. cities

during the last year, it is presided

over by Frederick C. Schwarz, 48, an

Australian evangelist gone secular.

Schwarz preaches doomsday by Com-

munism in 1973 unless every Ameri-

can starts distrusting his neighbor as

a possible Communist or "comsymp"

(Communist sympathizer).

Schwarz tries to appear less extreme

than the John Birch Society, and he

publicly disavows Birchism. How-

ever, his local steering committees

have often included known Birchers.

Schwarz himself landed in this coun-

try with $10 in his pocket in 1953,

but he has built the "crusade" into a

$500,000 business. Having persuaded

41 California mayors to proclaim this

week as an official "anti-Communism

week," he now plans to take the road

show on to New Orleans and Colum-

bus, then, tentatively, to Chicago,

Washington and New York.

10

VOICES

▸ "As more women take high-paying

professional jobs there will be an in-

creasing number of situations where

men will have to become housekeep-

ers and secondary wage earners,"

United Auto Workers official Lewis

Carliner warned. "In the area around.

Wilkes-Barre, Pa. unemployed coal

miners are staying home and keeping

house while their wives work in the

garment factories. Some of their wives

even stop in the bar after work for

a drink on the way home."

► Making a case for piloted aircraft

in the missile age, General Curtis Le-

May, Air Force Chief of Staff, said:

"It costs a lot of money to fire a mis-

sile, especially the intercontinental

variety. You must fire some to train

crews. But common sense and budget

limitations prevent you from firing

too many. So you don't get a chance

to build up experience with a missile.

to the extent that you do with a

manned weapon.

▸ Announcement that Congress will

not crack down on expense accounts

this year drew a sigh of relief from

Restaurateur Jerry Berns, co-owner

of New York's extravagant "21":

"The scare they've thrown into those

people who might abuse the income

tax laws has served its purpose."

▸ "Professional pride demands ful-

fillment. When you miss out on an

accomplishment you are unsatisfied.

I was pretty damn upset. And that

goes for the players, too," said Gene

Mauch, manager of the Philadelphia

Phillies whose missed accomplish-

ments add up to a modern record:

23 games lost in a row.

Getting wind of an Army plot to

replace the familiar fatigue cap with

baseball-style headgear, Rep. Corne-

lius E. Gallagher, Democrat of New

Jersey, protested: "The Army quar-

termaster has certain tendencies to

change uniform designs as dras-

tically as Paris dress designers change

feminine styles."

"It is fully recognized that if re-

covery turns into boom, if inflation

threatens, if the payments balance.

worsens, central banking policy, as

our most flexible instrument, can be

quickly revised to become an instru-

ment of restriction instead of a gen-

erator of expansion," warned Walter

Heller, chairman of the President's

Council of Economic Advisers.

► Conceding there had been a "con-

temptible" mass departure of doc-

tors, professors and other intellectuals

from his Red island, Cuba's Fidel

Castro said: "While some desert the

university, the schools are being filled

by waves by tens of thousands-of

revolutionary youngsters who are cre-

ating the generations of technicians.

and professionals of the revolution."

▸ To German soldiers about to train.

in Wales, the German magazine Der

Spiegel gave this advice on how to

get along with the British: "Keep say-

ing the word 'sorry' to the people.

This helps in all difficulties."

CONTINUED

39

Newsfronts CONTINUED

B

In his capital, Brazil's President Ja-

Quits for Quadros;

a victory for Jagan

nio Quadros (above) issued a med-

al to Castro's Red henchman, Che

Guevara. A few days later he re-

signed, partly blaming opposition to his friendship toward Cuba and

the Russians. In Georgetown, British Guiana Left-Winger Cheddi Jagan

(right) celebrated an election which will make him prime minister. Both

of the moves probably mean more South American support for Castro.

KWANG HING'S

UPL

PER

Daddy's Towing the golf

cart for her favor-

caddy ite client was the

best-looking and

suddenly best-known caddy in

Cannes. Blonde Françoise Pelle-

grino, 22, was found by photog-

raphers stalking the fairways of an

exclusive French golf course after

Joseph P. Kennedy, the President's

father. Françoise, Kennedy'scaddy

for five years, plans to marry this

week but is keeping divvys on her

job. "I told Monsieur Kennedy that

when I have a baby I will bring

it along with us in the golf bag."

Cholera

fright

Screaming in the

consoling arms of

a police officer, a

Hong Kong boy

reacted to a cholera shot in an

urgent program to immunize all the

British colony's population. The

dread disease had spread from Chi-

na's mainland where the Commu-

nists had never admitted having an

epidemic. Said one weary Hong

Kong doctor, "Damn them. They

had this thing raging in there and

they tried to keep it a secret. I don't

care if they're Communists or im-

EDITORIALS

SUPER-BOOM,

YES-BUST, NO

ARRING war, the U.S. is heading into the most pros-

years has ever prospect

jobs and better jobs than Americans have ever held before, for

the most plentiful choice of products Americans have ever

faced, for great new surges of building-factories, skyscrap-

ers, bowling alleys, apartment houses, churches, swimming

pools, everything.

What looked only a few months ago like a nice recovery

from a mild recession now looks like the early stage of a super-

boom. This, of course, has its dangers, but first let's look at

the encouraging signs:

► The big bull market, which got under way again in July,

set a new record just before the Berlin clamp-down, then

braved all the subsequent headline jitters to set two new ones.

▸ Industrial production, which in April began the strongest

recovery upsurge in 20 years, set a new record in July of 112

on the Federal Reserve Board index. Even more impressive,

the record was made at a time when steel production was still

at only some 60% of capacity vs. 95.5% in January 1960 when

the FRB index made its last previous record of 111. Moreover,

steel itself is now picking up. The industry expects to produce

more in September than in any month since April 1959, even

before the big demand starts from the retooled auto industry.

▸ New 1962 car models are expected to top 6.5 million sales,

possibly go over 7 million to challenge 1955's all-time record

of 7.2 million.

▸ This will be the best farm income year since Korea. With

the number of farms 25% less than 1950's, net realized in-

come per farm is expected to set a new record of $3,300.

▸ Employment rose 1.25 million in four months-more than

twice the corresponding gain made in the 1958 recovery-

FOREIGN AID,

LET'S MEAN IT

A

FTER spending 16 years and $84 billion on the expensive

but necessary business of U.S. foreign aid, its administra-

tors both Democratic and Republican-have agreed on one

lesson: both intelligent planning and effective execution of

large developmental programs require long-term financing.

This assurance of year-to-year support would make it

easier for a country like India, for example, to set aside the

necessary resources to get maximum use from six industrial

projects, totaling $153 million, approved by the Development

Loan Fund. It would make it easier for administrators and

engineers to schedule all the phases of such complex projects.

And by guaranteeing continuity, it would make possible large-

scale developments (e.g., major land reform in Latin America)

which nations might otherwise hesitate to begin.

The logic of all this was plain when President Eisenhower

sought a similar program in 1957, although a Democratic

Congress denied it. And it was plainer still when President

Kennedy, in this year's foreign aid bill, sought five-year bor-

rowing authority for $8.8 billion of developmental loans.

to 53,160,000 jobs. FORTUNE, which earlier had predicted

a "super-boom" bringing full employment in 1962, now

finds the 1961 boom "speeding ahead of all predictions, and

the newest defense step-up has hastened the coming of the

super-boom."

▸ New boosts in defense spending caused FORTUNE to esti-

mate that the Gross National Product by next spring may be

$5 billion or even $10 billion higher than the $560 billion rate

(in constant prices) it had forecast for mid-1962. It concludes:

"A $600 billion G.N.P. is appearing on the horizon for the

end of next year."

We're glad to bring such good tidings, but the euphoric

glow shouldn't blind us to some perils. The Kennedy admin-

istration has added $10 billion to the government's fiscal

burden not more than $4.8 billion attributable to defense

costs. The remaining $5.2 billion is made up of sums added

for civilian spending.

This "spending as usual" proceeds on the eve of the super-

boom which FORTUNE predicts will strain the economy to

capacity. What's wrong with capacity? Well, by the time the

economy is in full roar next year, industry may be scrambling

not only for materials but for manpower as well.

The big problem, instead of jobs, may again be to keep

these pressures from blowing the lid off inflation. July's new

record high in the cost-of-living index will increase the pres-

sure by triggering many automatic wage increases. Already

some economists fear that war-type priorities may soon have

to be imposed on defense materials.

These dangers should set the Administration hunting for

fat to cut out of civilian spending. Instead it released $818

million of highway funds for new contracts ahead of sched-

ule. It ought to be cracking down on such loose management

practices and getting ready, if need be, to raise taxes to pay

for the necessary increases in defense.

The boom is already swelling the Treasury's revenues from

fatter profits, but prudent management of the super-boom

would see these bigger revenues transforming the present in-

flationary deficit into surpluses. This could make the super-

boom a beneficent giant rather than a runaway monster.

The Senate, including 20 Republicans who joined 46 Dem-

ocrats to approve $8 billion of the program, agreed it was

necessary. But the House, in a surprising revolt, refused to

go along. It stripped the bill of all long-term features, ap-

proved merely a one-year lump of $1.2 billion. Understand-

ably, many congressmen feared relinquishing the House's

power of the purse to make appropriations every year; many

had other thoroughly defensible objections which Gover-

nor Rockefeller supports to Kennedy's proposed method

of financing the $8 billion through "back-door" Treasury

loans rather than appropriating the requested sums within

the regular budget.

However, the Senate bill provides adequate power of con-

gressional review-even veto-of each foreign aid project.

The Senate and House conference committee, now seeking

to reconcile the two bills as passed, may find a compromise

giving Congress greater control. What the committee does

seem likely to do is to restore the vital principle of long-term

financing-if not for five years, at least for three. The desir-

ability of that principle outweighs objections to particular

methods of establishing it. The opponents of back-door

financing have not come up with practical alternatives.

Therefore we hope the so-far reluctant House, in the final

showdown on the conference compromise, will join the Sen-

ate in providing effective foreign aid. To do less would simply

assure more waste and inefficiency in a program which has

already seen far too much of both.

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Getting service on appliances is one of the

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2200

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on

A

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A

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LL the modern work-savers make life a dream. Just as

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THE MAD HAPPY

SURFERS

CONTINUED

A Way of Life on the Wavetops

To

T

Hawaiians started it, but

the Johnny-come-lately Californians

have taken it from there. Now the surf

that sweeps in on the beaches

bears flotillas of enthusiasts standing

on long buoyant boards. Almost every wave

carries a "hot dogger" doing tricks

or sometimes even dressed in outlandish garb

(see preceding page). Surfing.

just beginning to catch on around

the rest of the U.S., has become

an established craze in California.

There some 30,000 revel in the delights

of mounting their boards on waves

hundreds of feet out and riding them in,

feeling as though they could go on forever.

The addicts are mostly teen-agers for whom

the sport, besides being healthy and

immensely exhilarating, has become a cult.

A new vocabulary has sprung up.

with such words as "kook" (a beginner)

and "ho-daddy" (intruding wise guy).

"If you're not a surfer," explains one high

school surfer, "you're not "in."

If you're a good surfer, you're always in.

All you've got to do is walk up and down

the beach with a board and you've got girls."

Photographed for LIFE

by ALLAN GRANT

TOBON

The exhilaration

of surfing shines in

the face of 16-year-old

Larry Shaw, carrying

his nine-foot-long board

at Malibu, and is

enjoyed en masse (right)

by devoted surfers

riding on a long roller

at Doheny Beach.

The toddler (left)

tangling with seaweed

on a miniature board

is the kookiest kind

of kook," but he stays

in shallow water where

there is no danger of

"going over the falls"

(being caught in a

breaking wave) or having

his board "pearl"

(plunge straight down

in surf). If his surfing

career goes well,

he will be a "gremlin"

in a few years, running

errands for older

surfers. Eventually,

like the full-fledged

"hot doggers" above,

he will head for the beach

in a remodeled vintage

vehicle called

a "surfwagon."

Such a buggy confers

great prestige on surfers,

but not quite as much

as a remodeled hearse.

The group at right

is waiting for the sea

to act up and produce

a "good set of heavies"

(big, rideable waves).

&

A Kook and Hot-Doggers

Hoping for Heavies

CONTINUED

The Duffers Dunked,

Expert Riding High

The antics of surfers

reflect varying degrees of

skill. The sub-expert at

left began on back of

board, which gives

slower but surer ride. To

gain speed, he moved.

up front, lost control

and is about to go

"into the soup."

(Only experts do

"toes over," going to

board's nose for top

speed.) Below, a fallen

surfer clings to board

lest it go free and be

thrown into others or get

banged up on rocks or

beach. Most girls lack

strength required of

good surfers. Some try

hard; others mostly

decorate the shallows

(right). Hugh Foster

(far right), an expert,

shifts weight and

executes maneuver called

Tri

rying new furniture in the Red Room,

Mrs. Kennedy pitches in to move a Hepplewhite

reproduction, and (right) surveys the effect.

First

Lady

TO THE WHITE HOUSE

In the feminine world of the White House, a bustling excitement

marks the young First Lady's enterprise. Striving to restore

the mansion's authentic look and feeling, Jacqueline Kennedy

(see cover) has set out to bring back the furnishings and the art

BRINGS HISTORY AND BEAUTY

of America's illustrious past and finds herself embarked on a dusty

but fascinating adventure. Searching through basement corners,

she has unearthed forgotten treasures pushed aside by the succession

of first families. The President has given husbandly

encouragement and, believing that her new home truly belongs

to the American people, Mrs. Kennedy wants them to know

what she is doing and why. So she has given LIFE the privilege

of accompanying her as she works at and talks about her absorbing project.

Photographed for LIFE by Edward Clark and Nina Leen

WY

Lincoln's ornate walnut bed stands in his old Cabinet room,

now a bedroom used by visiting dignitaries. Portrait of Lincoln, by Douglas Volk,

was borrowed by Mrs. Kennedy from Washington's National Gallery.

CONTINUED

55

56

by HUGH SIDEY

Jacqueline Kennedy paused recently in the

graceful Oval Room on the second floor of

the White House and looked out between the

white pillars and down across a majestic sweep

of the capital to the Jefferson Memorial and

00.000

the Washington Monument in the distance.

At the end of the lawn could be seen a line of

tourists, four abreast. She spoke regretfully.

All these people come to see the White

House," she said, "and once inside it they see

practically nothing that dates back before

1948. Every boy who comes here should see

....

n the Blue Room, the First Lady

helps put up an elaborate Monroe-era candelabrum

whose shank is a gilt caryatid.

things that develop his sense of history. For

the girls, the house should look beautiful and

lived-in. They should see what a fire in the fire-

place and pretty flowers can do for a house;

the White House rooms should give them a

sense of all that."

Even as she talked, Mrs. Kennedy was

Lincoln's dinner plates, bordered in lavender,

were unearthed and are now used by Mrs. Kennedy

despite some chips and cracks. The other

pieces of the set shown here had previously been

kept on display in the White House.

Everything must have a reason for being there'

using a paper prepared for her by the Smith-

sonian Institution. Its most salient point, she

feels, is expressed in these words: "First of all,

plotting new aspects of what she calls "my

project." This, which she has assigned her-

self as the major task of her career as First

Lady, is to bring to the interior of the White

House the purity, beauty and the strong feel

of national tradition implicit in the build-

ing's noble exterior lines.

SPECIAL CORNISH HEN

FROZEN CHICKEN

KEEP AWAY FROM SEAT

"Everything in the White House," she says,

"must have a reason for being there. It would

be sacrilege merely to 'redecorate' it a word

I hate. It must be restored-and that has

nothing to do with decoration. That is a ques-

tion of scholarship.".

As a guide to the restoration project she is

24 LARGE PACKAGES

SOS

Mrs.

rs. Kennedy lifts carton in which silver

was carried to room where finds are gathered.

White House curator, Lorraine Pearce, looks in desk.

TEXT CONTINUED

ON PAGE 62

57

.......

s Washington burns in 1814,

Sir George Cockburn, British admiral,

assumes conqueror's stance as

Dolley Madison (right) rescues

documents from flaming White House.

58

Changing Eras of Tenants and of Tastes

Somehow the White House has survived

relatively intact despite the ravages of war and

the whims of the 33 presidents who have

lived there all the presidents except

George Washington, who laid the cornerstone in

1792. Burned by the British in 1814, the White

House, according to tradition, was painted white to

cover the smoke marks. The restoration.

fortunately fell to Monroe, a traveled man

of taste in an era of fine design.

eeping mourners crowd into the East Room

in 1865 to file past the catafalque where Lincoln lies.

A few days before the assassination, Lincoln

told friends of a strange dream: he had gone

into the East Room and seen mourners passing his bier.

t 1837 reception Andrew Jackson,

"People's President,

put a reeking 1,400-pound cheese

in the vestibule. The public, invited in,

demolished it in two hours.

Martin Van Buren painted the Blue Room blue,

Millard Fillmore brought in the first stove,

supplanting an open fireplace for cooking, and Mrs.

Benjamin Harrison happily failed

to effect the most drastic changes of all (below).

In Harry Truman's presidency, the mansion's

ancient timbers were found unsafe so

the entire interior was rebuilt and then refurnished.

largely with modern copies. One

White House renovator of the recent past admired

by Mrs. Kennedy is Theodore Roosevelt,

whose tastes she finds remarkably akin to her own.

Mama An Ima

VIEW FROM THE SOUTH-

OF THE RESIDENCE WINGS

CONSERVATORY AND COURT-

In Blue Room, Rutherford Hayes receives

first resident Chinese ambassador.

hester Arthur sits at desk resurrected

for the President (pp. 64, 65). Arthur sold

masses of White House antiques.

The Hayeses, famous for temperance, added to the

White House a gift from the W.C.T.U.-a portrait

of Mrs. Hayes, known as "Lemonade Lucy."

ECUTIVENCE

-VIEW FROM NORTH-

PEN

In earlier President's wife wanted to

change the White House. Mrs. Benjamin Harrison

proposed enlarging living quarters by adding

two wings (top) and a conservatory (bottom). But

the bill for the change died in the House.

or President Taft's bulk, a special

oversized bathtub was built. Here four

men at the factory demonstrate its capacity.

urnishing Blue Room, Mrs. Kennedy

carries a footstool of Teddy Roosevelt's era.

Eventually room will be in Monroe period.

CONTINUED

A Dusty Hunt

for Forgotten

Bits of the Past

Surrounded by the discards of presidential households

relegated to basement oblivion, Mrs. Pearce studies each

for clues as to its date and value. Below, Secretary

Janet Felton (left), the First Lady and Mrs. Pearce

go over the White House plans, deciding where to place what.

On table are letters offering antiques. If one

is promising, a member of an advisory committee checks on it.

S

convocation of early busts was discovered by the

intrepid ladies stored in men's room-except for that of

George Washington which was donated. The others, clockwise

from Washington, are Van Buren; Columbus; John Bright,

a British statesman; and Amerigo Vespucci. The bust of

Bright, done for Lincoln, has been returned to Lincoln Room.

CONTINUED

61

I

n the Blue Room, under portrait

of Washington, stands Monroe

pier table, found by Mrs. Kennedy

in the carpenter shop. Vases and

Washington bust were also Monroe's.

n old photograph of Lincoln

with his Cabinet showed this portrait

of Andrew Jackson in the background.

Mrs. Kennedy put the portrait in

the same spot, now the Lincoln Room.

62

TEXT CONTINUED

FROM PAGE 57

First Lady

the White House does and must continue to represent

the living, evolving character of the executive branch

of the national government. Its occupants have been

persons of widely different geographical, social and

economic backgrounds, and accordingly of different

cultural and intellectual tastes.... It would therefore

be highly inadvisable, even if it were possible, to fix

on a single style of decorations and furnishings for a

building that ought to reflect the whole history of

the presidency. .."

"This," says Mrs. Kennedy, "should put to rest the

fears of people who think we might restore the build-

ing to its earliest period. leaving out all that came

after, or fill it with French furniture, or hang modern

pictures all over it and paint it whatever color we like.

The White House belongs to our past and no one

who cares about our past would treat it that way."

Instead of trying to make the White House look.

the way it did at some particular period, Mrs. Ken-

nedy intends to incorporate in the restoration authen-

tic reminders of the great Americans who lived in the

mansion during its 161 years. To accomplish this she

must lure back to the White House furniture used by

past Presidents but later sold or given away. Equally

important, she must inspire collectors to part with

choice pieces of Americana. This presents a major

problem: no collector wants to give a cherished object

to the White House if it may someday disappear, as

has so often happened in the past.

To meet this problem, two members of Congress,

Representative J. T. Rutherford of Texas and Senator

Clinton Anderson of New Mexico, introduced a bill

last month under which White House objects of art

not in use will be displayed at the Smithsonian.

"I hope the Smithsonian will also maintain a per-

manent curator at the White House to see that things.

are properly cared for," Jacqueline Kennedy says.

"For example, the famous Healy portrait of Lincoln

in the State Dining Room has a damaged spot that

measures eight inches across. Many other presidential

portraits are in disrepair. We asked for estimates to

restore pictures and frames and the total came to

$55,000. How can we ask Congress to appropriate

that much when in these days the money is needed

for so many things?

"The White House belongs to the American people.

A curator would take care that it is preserved for them."

Subconsciously Jacqueline Kennedy may have first

felt the desire to restore the White House long before

sheeverdreamed of becoming the mansion'schatelaine.

"My mother brought me to Washington one Easter

when I was 11," she recalled recently. "That was the

first time I saw the White House. From the outside I

remember the feeling of the place. But inside, all I re-

member is shuffling through. There wasn't even a

booklet you could buy. Mount Vernon and the Na-

tional Gallery of Art and the FBI made a far greater

impression. I remember the FBI especially because

they fingerprinted me."

She became even more aware of the White House

and what she calls its "interior remoteness" after mar-

riage when, as the wife of a senator, she was invited

there for receptions and occasional lunches.

And so, after the gradual build-up of her interest.

in the building, she was all set for the joys and trials

of living there when it began to look as though she

might become a resident. "The minute I knew that

Jack was going to run for President," she recalled,

"I knew the White House would be one of my main

projects if he won."

Her resolution carried with it a momentary wifely

disloyalty from which, however, she soon recovered.

"When I first moved into the White House, I

thought, I wish I could be married to Thomas Jef

ferson because he would know best what should be

done to it. But then I thought, no, President's wives

have an obligation to contribute something, so this

will be the thing I will work hardest at myself.

"How could I help wanting to do it?" she asks. "I

is it a reverence for beauty or for

history? I guess both. I've always cared. My best friends

are people who care. I don't know.

when you read

Proust or listen to Jack talk about history

Mount Vernon, you understand. I feel strongly about

the children who come here. When I think about my

son and how to make him turn out like his father, I

think of Jack's great sense of history."

don't know.

go to

Soon after her son was born last November, Mrs.

Kennedy began ransacking libraries for material on

the White House. These books are now multifarious-

ly thumbed and dog-eared with cross-checking refer-

ences to objects of furniture, pictures of bits of bric-

a-brac which at one time or another graced the man

sion and since have maddeningly vanished.

Abigail's laundry

in the East Room

The house, she learned, has had a past as diverse

and fascinating as the personalities of those who oc-

cupied it. It was hardly more than a new-built shell

when the first tenants, the John Adamses, took up

occupancy in the autumn of 1800. Mrs. Adams wrote

to her daughter that, "The house is made habitable,

but there is not a single apartment finished. ..."

Indeed, things were so bare that Abigail Adams felt

free to use the East Room to hang her wash.

Since funds were as skimpy as the furnishings, Mrs.

Kennedy found, both Adams and his successors.

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, padded out

the echoing emptiness with their own furniture. Ad-

ams and Jefferson, presumably, were able to take their

belongings along when they left, but Madison had the

bad luck to be there when the British came roaring

down on Washington during the War of 1812.

On Aug. 23, 1814, just before fleeing the invaders,

Dolley Madison wrote her sister, "At this late hour

a wagon has been procured. I have had it filled with

the plate and most valuable portable articles belong-

ing to the house.

At the last minute Dolley Madison ordered her

servants to smash the frame of a famous painting of

George Washington so that she could roll up the pic-

ture and save it (it now hangs in the East Room), But

she could not take one of her most cherished items-

a tin bathtub or the furniture. Nearly everything

was lost when the British burned the building.

The task of refurnishing the rebuilt mansion fell

to James Monroe. With funds he wangled out of

$500,000 Congress appropriated for the restoration

of war-damaged government buildings, he ordered

pieces from native and European sources. He had to

slip the latter into the country quietly to avert the

wrath of American craftsmen.

Aside from British vandalism, the White House

has had its rough brushes with home-grown American

eccentricity and carelessness. Andrew Jackson left a

lasting redolence, if not a permanent scar, by having

a 1,400-pound cheese brought in for a farewell recep-

tion. During the Civil War, Union soldiers parked

themselves on White House sofas, leaving them

smeared with the mud of battle. They also cheerfully

slashed draperies and carried off pieces as souvenirs.

In addition to Monroe's refurnishing of the man-

sion, at least three Presidents undertook extensive

redecorating jobs. They were Chester A. Arthur in

1881, Theodore Roosevelf in 1902 and Harry Truman

1948. Of them all, Arthur's won clear honors for

lack of taste. A New York widower who complained

that the House looked like a "badly kept barracks,"

he auctioned off 24 wagonloads of old furniture and

hired Louis Tiffany to do the place over like a monu-

ment to Victorian opulence.

To her pleased surprise, Mrs. Kennedy discovered

that Theodore Roosevelt was a kindred spirit when it

came to reverential regard for the White House and

its furnishings. Roosevelt spent $475,000 on the job,

hiring Architect Stanford White's firm to undertake

general supervision of the work.

"Thank goodness for Roosevelt," she said recently.

"He undid all the bad that was done by Arthur."

She feels that her own intentions for the mansion

agree exactly with those of Roosevelt who later wrote,

"During my incumbency of the presidency, the White

House was restored to the beauty, dignity and

simplicity of its original plan."

Even before she was in residence, Mrs. Kennedy

had started her project rolling with zeal and enter-

prise. She dragooned a special committee to advise and

help her ferret out either authentic White House

pieces or American antiques of suitable periods.

David Finley, chairman of the National Commis-

sion of Fine Arts, which has to approve every change

de in the White House, became a member of Mrs.

Kennedy's committee. And she felt she had scored a

coup of more than mere artistic significance when she

persuaded Henry Francis du Pont, one of the coun-

try's foremost authorities on American antiques, to

accept its chairmanship. Du Pont is famed among

collectors as the creator of Winterthur, the great mu-

seum of American antiques at Wilmington, Del.

"I didn't know or care what Mr. du Pont's poli-

tics were," she says. "Without him on the committee

I didn't think we would accomplish much-and with

him I knew there would be no criticism. The day he

agreed to be chairman was the biggest red-letter day

of all."

Once the committee was established Mrs. Kennedy

set about finding a curator. Mrs. Lorraine Pearce,

who had received her training in museum work at

Winterthur, was selected. Working closely with the

Smithsonian, she immediately set to work catalogu-

ing the thousands of items in the White House and

trying to establish their authenticity. In the days

that followed, Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Pearce en-

gaged in a systematic prowl of the mansion's 54

rooms and 16 baths. Treasure hunting is not an avo-

cation without peril. Mrs. Kennedy paid the price in

laddered stockings, smudged clothing and exhaustion.

"I had a backache every day for three months," she

says. "But now I know every corner of the White

House. I poked into them all. It was exciting, a new

mystery story every day."

A find 'hidden'

in plain sight

Her first find, especially cherished because it

gives her husband pleasure, was, like Poe's purloined

letter, hidden in plain sight. This was a heavy but

battered oaken desk which for eight years had been

standing in the White House broadcast room, hold-

ing up a clutter of electronic gear. A carved inscrip-

tion identified the desk as a gift sent to President

Hayes by Queen Victoria in 1878. It was made from

the timbers of H.M.S. Resolute, a British ship which

sailed to the Arctic in 1852, was trapped in the ice

and abandoned in 1854. Later ship was recov-

ered by Captain Moses Buddington, a Yankee whal-

er. Refitted by the U.S., the ship was returned to

Great Britain as a gift. When the ship was finally

broken up, the queen ordered the desk made as a

gesture of gratitude. It is now in the President's of

fice, serving the business of state.

Mrs. Kennedy's treasure hunt within the walls

has been paying off more or less continuously ever

since it began. She found a massive Bellangé pier

table in the White House carpenter shop. It was the

only piece left of the Blue Room suite purchased by

Monroe. The cellar yielded two dusty bales which

proved to contain rugs that Theodore Roosevelt had

ordered woven in 1902.

To scholars tracking down the past, no place is

off limits. Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Pearce invaded a

downstairs men's room and came away with a whole

collection of prizes. They were busts of George Wash-

ington, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci,

Martin Van Buren and John Bright, an English states-

man of Lincoln's era. All were valuable, all more

than a century old.

Some 'old junk'

on a dark shelf

One day a butler, accompanying Mrs. Kennedy

and Mrs. Pearce on a spelunking exploration of the

basement, gestured toward the black recesses of a

shelf. "There's some old junk in there," he said.

Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Pearce retrieved the stuff,

scoured it and found that what they had was the

gold and silver flatware President Monroe ordered

from France in 1817.

In their continuing detective work, the books, old

photographs and drawings, withered bills of lading

and specifications of things bought by several Pres-

idents have been invaluable. "We had the portrait of

Andrew Johnson and, not being really sure where it

belonged, at first we hung it in the Red Room," Mrs.

Kennedy recalls. "But then we were told about an

old photograph of Lincoln's Cabinet which showed.

the portrait hanging in his office on the second floor.

So we changed it. Through a photograph we discov-

ered two chairs in the Queen's Room which were

really Rutherford Hayes's dining chairs. With that

clue we went out to government storage in Fort

Washington and discovered 13 of these same chairs."

While dusty records have proved a help, Mrs.

Kennedy feels they are not enough. She has a pow-

erful sense of urgency born of a sorrowful knowl-

edge that time's progress inevitably separates the

past from living memory.

"Like any President's wife I'm here for only a brief

time," she says. "And before everything slips away,

before every link with the past is gone I want to do

this. I want to find all the people who are still here

who know about the White House, were intimate with

it-the nephews, the sons, the great-grandchildren,

the people who are still living and remember things

about the White House.

"It has been fascinating to go through the build-

ing with Mrs. Nicholas Longworth, who was Theo-

dore Roosevelt's daughter, and with Franklin D.

Roosevelt Jr. and President Truman, and hear them

tell where things had been placed in their day."

While Mrs. Kennedy and her task force have been

shaking down the home grounds for treasure, her

committee has been roving further afield for the

same thing. A number of notable contributions have

already arrived.

Secretary of the Treasury and Mrs. Douglas Dillon

gave a room full of American Empire furniture in-

cluding Dolley Madison's own sofa. Miss Catherine

Bohlen of Villanova, Pa. donated a chair, another

piece from the original set Monroe ordered for the

Blue Room. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Parish II of New

York presented a Victorian settee and two side chairs

which the Lincolns once gave to a friend as gifts.

Mrs. Millard Black of Arlington, Va. sent from

her home an upholstered chair once used in Lincoln's

bedroom. Dr. Ray C. Franklin of Mount Kisco, N.Y.

presented a Hepplewhite mirror decorated with a

golden spread eagle and a likeness of Washington.

The mirror once hung in Fraunce's Tavern in New

York where Washington said farewell to his generals

and sometime later one of the generals presumably

CONTINUED

iguring how to use a find,

Mrs. Kennedy fingers a tarnished

tureen lid from Andrew Jackson's

silver service. On floor, with other

lids, is one of Jackson's wine coolers.

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First Lady

CONTINUED

presented it to him. Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Engelhard, Far Hills,

N.J., donated Baltimore dining room furniture made in 1785. A Mr.

and Mrs. John L. Loeb of New York City agreed to restore the entire

Oval Room, the First Lady's favorite room in the White House.

The search for furnishings does not stop within the continental

limits. Prowling London antique shops, a friend of one committee.

member found several large panels of period wallpaper representing

Revolutionary War events including the surrender of Cornwallis at

Yorktown. A donor, Mrs. Brooke Astor of New York, volunteered

to purchase the paper. It will be hung in the President's dining room.

In all, some 50 pieces have been collected and still the hunt goes on.

The search is fraught with its own special problems, mostly financial.

For some reason, the idea of restoring the White House seems to

inspire some owners of suitable antiques with more cupidity than

patriotism. One owner who had in his possession a small pier table.

in which the committee expressed interest allowed that, inspired by

love of country, he would give it up for a bargain price of $2,500.

Antiquarian appraisers thought the table might actually be worth

all of $400.

To guard against too wild a kiting of prices, Mrs. Kennedy, Mrs.

Pearce and the committee strive to maintain a reasonable degree of

security about White House interest in pieces that have been located.

Those they know about and would like to get are scattered all over

the country in private hands and with antique dealers. Individual

pieces have been appraised at from $125 to $13,000.

Henry du Pont's committee is deliberately working out a theme,

concentrating first on the great and famous public rooms of the

White House-the East Room, Red Room, Green Room, Blue Room

and State Dining Room. To get at the chore, the committee surveys

the rooms one at a time, evaluating what is there now-for the most

part B. Altman modern reproductions of old furniture bought after

1948-calculating its survival value and laying down guide lines.

A typical comment by the committee runs this way:

"Green Room, first floor: the room should be furnished with

American Sheraton pieces. The curtains should be hung within the

window molding. The armchairs are modern in style and should be

replaced. The card tables flanking the doorway are, to the best of

our knowledge, the only antique pieces in the room. They are in need.

of oiling and a few pieces of veneer are missing."

Mrs. Kennedy is willing, even eager, to get the advice of experts

but she cannot leave the business entirely to committees. She roams

the vast mansion, eying cach room with a dreamy yet calculating

stare. There are problems and they have got to come out right. She

smiles over the first floor library which, when she moved in, had

somehow got stacked mostly with murder mysteries.

"We took out the Agatha Christie and, following the suggestion

of the historian Julian Boyd, brought in the writings of American

Presidents and other books by writers who had influenced American

history, such as Thomas Paine."

The Red Room especially worries her. "Everything is a reproduc-

tion," she says. "The red damask is Renaissance and that isn't right.

The President's

personal office desk was

rescued by Mrs. Kennedy

from the White House

broadcast room. A gift

to President Hayes.

from Queen Victoria,

it was built from timbers

of a British ship-and

Mrs. Kennedy thought.

her nautically minded.

husband would like it.

on the walls."

I've tried to relieve some of the redness by putting pictures high up

she has done some things in the second floor great hall that please

and landscapes of the Far West by George Catlin. "All the art here is

her: the long walls are partially covered with American Indian scenes

going to be American. This was lent by the Smithsonian. There is

wonderful American art and I want to display it."

Some of the great rooms excite her more than others. The Blue

Room is one, although it is not without its problems. "Theodore

Roosevelt went over everything in this room and made it a wonderful

plain blue, Much later they added a basket pattern to the design that

doesn't belong. The room is so formal and cold. We put a round

table in the middle and it gave people something to cluster around.

It could be one of the best rooms. But it is a very hard room to place

furniture in because it has four doors and none of them is lined up.

You can't center things in it."

The comforting presence

of Abraham Lincoln

With all the anticipation, the excitement, the problems and dis-

appointments, the one place in the White House which seems to put

her in the closest touch with the nobility she seeks and the authentic

feel of the past is the so-called Lincoln Room which, though it was

actually Lincoln's office, now contains his bedroom furniture.

When we first moved into the White House on Inauguration Day,

everything we had came in little boxes," she remembers. "It was so

confused. They were painting the second story and they had moved

us way down to the other end. The smell of paint was overpowering

and we tried to open the windows in the rooms and we couldn't. They

hadn't been opened for years and years. Later, when we tried the

fireplaces, they smoked because they hadn't been used."

It was, she remembers, a time of trial and bewilderment but she

found a source of enduring comfort from it.

"Sometimes I used to stop and think about it all. I wondered,

'How are we going to live as a family in this enormous place?" I would

go and sit in the Lincoln Room. It was the one room in the White

House with a link to the past. It gave me great comfort. I love the

Lincoln Room. Even though it isn't really Lincoln's bedroom, it has

his things in it. When you see that great bed, it looks like a cathedral.

To touch something I knew he had touched was a real link with him.

The kind of peace I felt in that room was what you feel when going

to church. I used to sit in the Lincoln Room and I could really feel.

his strength. I'd sort of be talking with him. Jefferson is the President

with whom I have the most affinity. But Lincoln is the one I love."

As time passes and Mrs. Kennedy's project advances, she finds.

herself coming more and more into the comforting presence of Abra-

ham Lincoln. Not long ago while pursuing another of her hunting

expeditions through the cavernous basement, she came upon some-

thing that much reading and study enabled her to recognize.

"Look at that Lincoln cake plate," she exclaimed happily, stretch-

ing to reach into a crowded storage shelf. "I wonder if there is enough

china here to set nine places for tonight? Senator Gore would love to

eat off Lincoln's plates."

And it so happened that night, as the White House moved inexora-

bly into the nation's past, that Senator Gore did.

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CLOSE-UP

I'm

INSU

looking for

a market for wisdom'

LEO SZILARD

Scientist

As chairman of a biology

conference, Szilard

gets into an argument over

a theory of cell genetics.

A scientist's aim

in a discussion with his

colleagues is not to persuade,

but to clarify."

This remark was made by a man who has a good deal of the commodity to sell-

and, in marketing his own wisdom, he has served as a mighty human catalyst,

in science and in politics. Leo Szilard invented (but did not patent) the cyclo-

tron, wrote a pioneer paper on a theory that ushered in the era of automation,

first conceived (but again did not patent) the electron microscope, first recog-

nized the possibility-and proved experimentally the feasibility of a nuclear

chain reaction. A Hungarian, Szilard came to the U.S. in 1938. A year later, by

means of a letter he induced Albert Einstein to sign, he goaded President

Roosevelt into starting work on the A-bomb. Since the bomb became reality,

he has been tirelessly prodding the world not to use it.

Now 63, Szilard lives in Washington, pursuing a new career in molecular biol-

ogy and traveling about the city (left) badgering his friends in government to

buy his brand of political wisdom. "The most important step in getting a job.

done" he observes, "is the recognition of a problem. Once I recognize a prob-

lem I usually can think of someone who can work it out better than I could."

CONTINUED

75

.

2.

3.

4.

reasons for Ting

1. Athlete's foot.

2. Burning feet.

3. Itching toes. 4. Sweating feet.

New, no-mess Ting is the medicated

cream that dries to a clinging powder

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TING

MEDICATED CREAM FOR THE FEET

At the Virginia home of Michael Straight

(second from left), Szilard holds forth on a

favorite topic-disarmament.

"Before we or the Russians know if we

really want disarmament, we must figure out how

to secure peace even in a disarmed world."

A New Book, a New Career

Szilard often dispenses his wisdom in the form

of wit. His recently published political testa-

ment is in the form of a satirical, occasionally

hilarious science-fiction paperback called The

Voice of the Dolphins. In it some wise mam-

mals coerce humanity into its reluctant salva-

tion through planned, step-by-step disarma-

ment with a cash bonus.

Szilard is a disputatious, free-spirited man

whose "Szilardisms" (see p. 79) amuse and

sometimes scandalize his friends. When noti-

fied that he had won the 1960 Einstein award

and his wife told him that the roster of pre-

vious winners was pretty impressive, he said:

At his current home, the DuPont Plaza Hotel

in Washington, Szilard reads his mail

in his favorite working place-the hotel lobby.

"Yes, and it is getting better and better."

At the time, he was in a New York hospi-

tal bed, apparently dying of cancer. But he

made a remarkable recovery and is now as

active as ever. He regrets his age only because,

he says, "one is never again as intelligent in

life as one is at 16." Still, he believes, "in

order to succeed it is not necessary to be much

cleverer than other people. All you have to

do is be one day ahead of them." He thinks.

that for all he has done in physics, he may

be best remembered for his two recent ma-

jor biological theories-"that it will take my

colleagues at least 15 years to prove wrong."

I can work very happily in this

lobby. I have never owned a house, and don't feel

the need of owning one. "

CONTINUED ON RACE TO

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R1

In LIFE

you are

viewing

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GREAT ART

1861

"For the next 25 years," LIFE's Publisher wrote in our

issue of June 2, "it is the aim of LIFE to be a great

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of Science and Nature, a great magazine of the Fine

and Lively Arts, a great magazine of Sport and

Adventure, a great magazine of Better Living..."

Since then, you have visited, with LIFE, the London

of Christopher Wren, the prodigious English architect

who left the world such a noble legacy. You have seen

the spectacular new Palace of Labor in Turin, created by

Italy's distinguished modern architect, Pier Luigi Nervi.

You have met the Great "O.K."-the grand old man

of expressionist painting, Oskar Kokoschka, and

watched him at work in his famous school in Austria.

You have rediscovered, with LIFE, the splendrous art

of Gustave Moreau, pioneer modernist.

What about the weeks and months ahead? This is

a promise:

Week after week, LIFE will bring you the outstanding

paintings that are making news today, as well as the

living paintings of the past that have made public

galleries and private collections world famous. Week

after week, in LIFE's pages, you will see art,

architecture, artifacts from all schools and all centuries

-often in the full beauty of their actual colors.

It's the best time ever to have your own copy of LIFE

mail-delivered to your door promptly, regularly, every

week. Just use the coupon below to enter (or renew)

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SZILARD CONTINUED

Some Szilardisms

on War, Fame, Peace

From past remarks, writings and statements to LIFE reporters, the

following cross-section of Dr. Szilard's views is presented.

▸ On Nuclear Discussions: "It is not necessary to succeed in order

to persevere. As long as there is a margin of hope, however narrow,

we have no choice but to base all our actions on that margin. America

and Russia have one interest in common which may override all their

other interests: to be able to live with the bomb without getting into

an all-out war that neither of them wants."

▸ On his crucial fission experiment in 1939: "All we had to do was

lean back, turn a switch and watch the screen of a television tube. If

flashes of light appeared on the screen it would mean that the libera-

tion of atomic energy would take place in our lifetime. We turned

the switch, saw the flashes-we watched for about five minutes-

then we switched everything off and went home. That night I knew

the world was headed for trouble."

On Credit and Fame: "In life you must often choose between

getting a job done or getting credit for it. In science, the important

thing is not the ideas you have but the decision which ones you

choose to pursue. If you have an idea and are not going to do any-

thing with it, why spoil someone else's fun by publishing it?"

▸ On Predictions: "Science is progressing at such a rapid rate that

when you make a prediction and think you are ahead of your time

by 100 years you may be ahead of your time by 10 at most."

▸ On the Space Race: "I have mixed feelings about our spending

$20 billion to get to the moon first. But if we are caught in a conflict

of prestige with the Russians, I'd rather have it centered around the

moon than Laos, Cuba or Berlin."

▸ On Democracy and Education: "I'm all in favor of the democrat-

ic principle that one idiot is as good as one genius, but I draw the

line when someone takes the next step and concludes that two idiots

are better than one genius."

With his wife Gertrud, an M.D. who is her husband's physician,

Szilard last summer dictated a book in his hospital room.

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79

LIFE

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Satin ball gown, simply but emphatically shaped, is worn

with shiny full-length cloak of silk and cellophane (Nina

Ricci) before Chagall's stained-glass windows of 12

tribes of Israel which is now on exhibition at Louvre.

The Big

Paris

Word: SHAPE

Paris was rich with rumors of radical changes just

before the fall fashion showings-frightening predic-

tions of dropped hemlines, wasp waists, even padded

hips. Then Paris fooled the prophets. Skirts stayed

short, waists remained sensible and hips were left alone.

There was, however, a big change-subtle but sig-

nificant. A feeling for shapeliness was everywhere. It

was seen in the dress opposite, slightly high-waisted to

emphasize the bust. Shapeliness was dramatized in

beaded sheaths and in a new corset which shook the

U.S. girdle industry to its foundations. It was more

BETTER LIVING

quietly evidenced in the small-shouldered day clothes

with long tight sleeves done by Marc Bohan at Dior.

Everybody agreed, though, that changes would be

gradual and that the days of overnight switches in

fashion are over. Designers worried about their private

clients, a steady source of income, who will no longer

stand for having their expensive purchases outmoded in

a single season. But those who went to the showings still

felt it was worth the trip to see evolutions in silhou-

ettes, the new fabrics and colors and the always im-

aginative touches like the tight little Dior hoods below.

Photographed for LIFE by MARK SHAW

Trim little hoods, all in one piece with capes or short

coats, topped several suits and dresses that Bohan de-

signed for Dior. Hat at left is lined with ocelot, the center

one with nutria. Stiffened tweed bow trims hood on right.

CONTINUED

The Big Paris

Word: SHAPE

Paris was rich with rumors of radical changes just

before the fall fashion showings-frightening predic-

tions of dropped hemlines, wasp waists, even padded

hips. Then Paris fooled the prophets. Skirts stayed

short, waists remained sensible and hips were left alone.

There was, however, a big change-subtle but sig-

nificant. A feeling for shapeliness was everywhere. It

was seen in the dress opposite, slightly high-waisted to

emphasize the bust. Shapeliness was dramatized in

beaded sheaths and in a new corset which shook the

U.S. girdle industry to its foundations. It was more

BETTER LIVING

quietly evidenced in the small-shouldered day clothes

with long tight sleeves done by Marc Bohan at Dior.

Everybody agreed, though, that changes would be

gradual and that the days of overnight switches in

fashion are over. Designers worried about their private

clients, a steady source of income, who will no longer

stand for having their expensive purchases outmoded in

a single season. But those who went to the showings still

felt it was worth the trip to see evolutions in silhou-

ettes, the new fabrics and colors and the always im-

aginative touches like the tight little Dior hoods below.

Photographed for LIFE by MARK SHAW

Trim little hoods, all in one piece with capes or short

coats, topped several suits and dresses that Bohan de-

signed for Dior. Hat at left is lined with ocelot, the center

one with nutria. Stiffened tweed bow trims hood on right.

Nylon corset by Miguel Ferreras of New York, intro-

duced at showings, pulls on like bathing suit. Designer

says it "makes wearer thin, long, with a high, fierce

bosom," U.S. companies bid high for it. Warner's won.

BETTER LIVING CONTINUED

A Shape-Maker, Shaggy-Dog Beads

Dresses so heavily beaded as to give a shaggy-dog effect

were in most collections. From left, Ferreras low-cut

LI

sheath, Matta high-necked sheath, a short and a long

Dior with boleros, and Dessès dress with beaded panels.

CONTINUED 85

BETTER LIVING CONTINUED,

Dior suits (above and right) are tweedy but

accent shape with small shoulders, set-in sleeves

and tightly buttoned torso. Even when skirts

flare at hem, they are fitted around the hips.

86

Clini

In Suits Too, a Trim

and Slim Fit

The season's shapely mood is reflected, in a

subtle but potentially far-reaching way, in the

most popular suits. The soft-shouldered, deep-

armholed boxy silhouette prevalent for so many

seasons is being inched out by a more crisply

tailored figure-fitting shape with small shoul-

ders and narrow set-in sleeves.

The closely fitted suits, like the Diors at

left, require expert tailoring and this can pre-

sent a problem for American mass-market

makers. Accustomed to the soft suits, which

in many cases were an excuse for sloppy tailor-

ing, manufacturers will now have to adjust to

more finicky requirements. But they can take

comfort in the fact that Chanel's suits, which

have long used the trim shoulder and set-in

sleeve, have always been successfully translated

into moderately priced copies. This and the

fact that America's top designers had inde-

pendently arrived at versions of the shapely

tailored suits (far right) may foretell the de-

mise of the very loosely fitted daytime suit.

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thems Your taste stays fresher-because L'M's smoke smooth and

cool every time. L'M's are never drying to your taste The secret:

L'M's special way of moisturizing seals in the natural freshness

and flavor of fine tobaccos And you get L'M's famous Miracle Tip

-the modern filter that delivers the cleanest, freshest taste possible.

So start fresh with L'M today.

Get fresh-tasting best-tasting LM...pack or box

Moisturizing is the secret

This is the modern advance in

tobacco care that seals in natural

freshness and flavor-until you

unlock it with a light. We call it

Flavor-Seal-you'll call it great